普朗铜矿自然崩落开采塌陷区冰碛物水泥注浆模拟试验研究
杨希 , 孙伟 , 王少勇 , 李争荣 , 程海勇 , 姜明归 , 樊锴
黄金科学技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (04) : 775 -788.
普朗铜矿自然崩落开采塌陷区冰碛物水泥注浆模拟试验研究
Simulation Test Study of Cement Grouting of Moraine in Natural Caving Mining Subsidence of Pulang Copper Mine
为研究水泥浆液在冰碛物中的扩散规律及固化效果,设计了一套冰碛物注浆室内试验装置,探究水泥浆液在冰碛物中扩散的基本机理及发展过程,并分析不同注浆压力下水泥浆液的扩散规律及固化效果。结果表明:受渗滤效应影响,水泥浆液在冰碛物中无法渗透扩散,只能通过压密和劈裂的方式进行扩散。注浆初期,水泥浆液鼓泡并对冰碛物产生压密作用。随着注浆压力不断增大,冰碛物沿最薄弱面产生裂隙,浆液沿裂隙进入形成劈裂浆脉,对冰碛物产生骨架支撑作用。水泥浆液注浆量、扩散半径、劈裂缝宽和劈裂通道长度均与注浆压力呈正相关关系。该研究结果可为冰碛物注浆工程与塌陷坑地质灾害防治提供参考。
In response to the surface moraine collapse and debris flow incidents resulting from the natural caving method at the Pulang copper mine in Yunnan Province, this study undertook laboratory experiments on moraine grouting. The objective was to investigate the fundamental mechanisms and developmental processes of cement slurry diffusion within moraine, as well as to analyze the diffusion characteristics and solidification effects of cement slurry under varying grouting pressures. The experiments utilized undisturbed moraine with a stone content of 50% and a moisture content of 11.83%, employing five grouting pressure gradients of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.0 MPa. Utilizing a self-developed grouting apparatus, the study systematically examined the impact of grouting pressure on grouting volume, diffusion radius, formation of splitting channels, and the solidification effect. The findings indicate that:(1)Due to the percolation effect, the diffusion of cement slurry within the moraine is primarily governed by compaction and splitting diffusion, rather than permeation diffusion. During the initial phase of grouting, the slurry compacts the moraine proximate to the grouting port, forming a spherical slurry bubble, which characterizes the compaction diffusion stage. As the pressure escalates to the splitting threshold, the slurry propagates along the moraine’s weakest surfaces, resulting in the formation of primary and secondary slurry vein structures, marking the splitting diffusion stage.(2)Quantitative analysis reveals a positive correlation between grouting volume, diffusion radius, splitting crack width, and channel length with grouting pressure. Notably, the diffusion radius and splitting crack width exhibit a nonlinear growth trend as grouting pressure increases.(3)Furthermore, throughout the grouting process, the cement slurry exerts a significant lifting effect on the moraine. By compacting and splitting the moraine, the slurry generates an upward lifting force, which effectively mitigates moraine settlement.(4)Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the C-H crystals, C-S-H gels, and ettringite minerals formed during the cement hydration process occupy the pores within the moraine and interact with the moraine particles, resulting in a dense mass structure that significantly enhances the mechanical properties of the moraine.(5)The solidification effect of cement slurry grouting on moraine is primarily characterized by two mechanisms: compaction effect and skeleton support effect. For the compaction effect, the grouting process increases the density of the moraine, thereby enhancing its strength. For the skeleton support effect, the cement slurry veins provide structural support and constrain the deformation of the surrounding moraine, functioning as a skeletal framework. This study aims to elucidate the diffusion behavior and solidification effects of cement slurry in moraine, offering theoretical insights for moraine grouting reinforcement projects and the prevention and management of collapse pit geological hazards.
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