To address the challenge of high-temperature thermal hazards in deep mining operations, traditional thermal insulation support materials often suffer from limitations such as inadequate strength and poor durability. To improve and optimize the performance of thermal insulation support structures, modified ceramic particles and fibers were incorporated into the development of thermal insulation concrete materials. Utilizing the principles of functional gradient theory, the concrete structure was optimized, resulting in the construction of a functional gradient thermal insulation support structure. A corresponding model test system was established, integrating engineering practices to facilitate a comparative analysis of the thermal insulation effects between the newly developed thermal insulation support structure and conventional concrete structures. Through numerical simulation analysis, the impact of various parameters of the thermal insulation support structure on the thermal insulation efficacy of the surrounding rock in the roadway was examined, leading to the determination of optimal design parameters for the functional gradient thermal insulation support structure. The findings indicate that the engineered “support layer+thermal insulation layer” functional gradient structure successfully transitions from a high elastic modulus and high thermal conductivity at the surrounding rock interface to a low elastic modulus and low thermal conductivity at the roadway interface. This configuration effectively mitigates the deformation of surrounding rocks and reduces heat dissipation. In the model test, the application of the thermal insulation support structure resulted in a 28.74% reduction in heat dissipation from the surrounding rocks compared to a conventional concrete structure. As the thickness of the thermal insulation layer increased, the radius of the thermal adjustment zone in the surrounding rocks decreased, and the deformation of the roadway initially decreased before subsequently increasing. Additionally, a decrease in ventilation temperature further reduced the extent of the thermal adjustment zone. A comprehensive analysis of heat dissipation and deformation in the surrounding rocks, conducted using the efficacy coefficient method, it was determined that the optimal thermal insulation effect was achieved when the thickness of the support layer was 50 mm and the thickness of the thermal insulation layer was 50 mm.
为了开发更高效的材料,研究人员将功能梯度理论广泛应用于材料设计(Dias et al,2018)。例如:通过设计具有不同孔隙率梯度的功能梯度混凝土,可以显著提升混凝土的压缩变形能力(Toader et al,2017);采用多纤维复合增强混凝土,提升混凝土在湿热环境的力学特性(Chen et al,2019)。尽管功能梯度材料在提升混凝土力学性能方面取得了显著进展,但针对同时具备高效隔热和可靠支护功能的混凝土材料的研究仍然相对较少。因此,针对深部高温巷道热害问题,构建了一种施工工艺简单、隔热支护综合效果显著的功能梯度结构,具有广阔的研究前景。与此同时,物理模型试验和数值模拟是隔热支护结构性能研究的常用方法,如:通过建立巷道围岩换热相似模拟试验平台,直观揭示高温围岩的温度变化规律(刘伟等,2021);利用数值模拟技术进行巷道围岩温度场分析(高佳南等,2021,张一夫等,2021;Zhou et al,2024);利用有限体积法建立围岩散热及渗流—传热模型(Fan et al,2022;Wang,2024);开发相应的计算程序用于更高效地分析围岩隔热影响因素(张树光等,2019)。这些研究为分析深部巷道热传递规律和隔热支护结构性能提供了理论基础。
ChenG Q, XuP, MiG Y,et al,2019.Compressive strength and cracking of composite concrete in hot-humid environments based on microscopic quantitative analysis[J].Construction and Building Materials,225:441-451.
[2]
DiasC M R, CampelloE M B, SavastanoH,et al,2018.Exploratory pre-industrial test linking FGM and Hatschek technologies for the manufacture of asbestos-free corrugated cementitious roof sheets[J].Construction and Building Materials,190:975-984.
[3]
FanB W, ShiP, WanZ J,et al,2022.Simulation study on the disaster-causing mechanism of geothermal water in deep high-temperature heat-damaged mines[J].Minerals,12(11):1355.
[4]
HouC B, XinS, ZhangL,et al,2020.Foundation research on physicochemical properties of mine insulation materials[J].Coatings,10(4):355.
[5]
ToaderN, SobekW, NickelK G,2017.Energy absorption in functionally graded concrete bioinspired by sea urchin spines[J].Journal of Bionic Engineering,14(2):369-378.
[6]
TuampoemsabS, RattanapanA, SapsrithongP,et al,2023.Physical,mechanical and thermal insulation properties of foam made from natural rubber compounded with ground rice husk[J].Materials Science Forum,1086:35-40.
[7]
WangH,2024.Numerical study of surrounding rock heat dissipation and wind temperature prediction in high geotemperature coal face[J].Energy Exploration and Exploitation,42(1):17-39.
[8]
WangJ H, WanZ J, ZhangH W,et al,2020.Application of thermal insulation gunite material to the high geo-temperature roadway[J].Advances in Civil Engineering,(1):8853870.
[9]
XiaoY G, DengH W, XieZ M,et al,2022.Application of nanoporous super thermal insulation material in the prevention and control of thermal hazards in deep mining of metal mines[J].Journal of Nanomaterials,(1):2390616.
[10]
ZhouJ L, ZhangY, ShiP,et al,2024.Dimensionless analysis of the spatial-temporal coupling characteristics of the surrounding rock temperature field in high geothermal roadway realized by Gauss-Newton iteration method[J].Applied Sciences,14(4):1608.
ChenKexu, ChengLi, SunYuqiang,et al,2022.Study on heat damage characteristics and control measures of deep mines in Shandong Gold Group Co.,Ltd[J].Modern Mining,38(5):171-177.
ChenLiqiang, ZhaoGuoyan, LiYang,et al,2022.Deep roadway support and its effect evaluation under excavation unloading disturbance[J].Gold Science and Technology,30(3):438-448.
CuiYiyuan, LiKun, MeiGuodong,et al,2021.Research progress of analysis and control technology of heat stress in deep mine[J].Nonferrous Metals(Mining Section),73(2):128-134.
GaoJianan, LiChao, WuFengliang,et al,2021.Analysis of temperature field of surrounding rock and influencing factors under the seasonal variation of air temperature at the entrance of roadway[J].Mining Safety and Environmental Protection,48(6):19-24.
GuoPingye, BuMohua, ZhangPeng,et al,2022.Research progress on the prevention and utilization of mine geothermal energy[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,44(10):1632-1651.
[23]
李圣腾,2020.矿山非均匀沉降胶结充填体热学性能研究[D].西安:西安科技大学. Li Shengteng,2020.Study on thermal performance of cemented paste backfill in mines based on non-uniform sedimentary characteristic[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology.
LiuWei, LiangShufei, HuangQingwei,et al,2021.Development of teaching experimental device for heat exchange in surrounding rock of mine roadway under periodic wind temperature[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,17(7):28-34.
[26]
孙婉,2021.地下水渗流与地源热泵热量运移耦合模拟[J].太阳能学报,42(5):16-23.
[27]
SunWan,2021.Coupling simulation of groundwater seepage and heat transfer of ground source heat pump[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,42(5):16-23.
WangMeng, LiZhixue, XiaEnle,et al,2022.Energy dissipation and supporting regulation effect of surrounding rock in deep roadway[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,39(4):741-749.
WangWeijun, FanLei, ZhaoZhiqiang,et al,2024.Research progress of support theory and technology of the roadway surrounding rock based on the plastic zone control[J].Journal of China Coal Society,49(1):320-336.
[32]
吴栋,2019.高地温巷道喷浆隔热机理的实验研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学. Wu Dong,2019.Experimental study on spraying insulation mechanism of high ground temperature roadway[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology.
[33]
姚韦靖,2019.深部高地温岩层巷道隔热混凝土喷层支护技术研究及应用[D].合肥:安徽理工大学. Yao Weijing,2019.Research and application of thermal insulation concrete spray layer support technology for deep and high temperature rock roadways[D].Hefei:Anhui University of Science and Technology.
YouBo, CuiDaxiong, LiuHeqing,et al,2024.Simulation study on heat insulation and cooling of deep shaft tunnel with different heat insulation materials[J].China Safety Science Journal,34(2):153-160.
[36]
张宁,2021.功能梯度混凝土立井井壁承载性能研究[D].北京:华北电力大学. Zhang Ning,2021.Study on bearing behavior of functionally graded concrete shaft lining[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University.
ZhangShuguang, ChangJian, WangHongwei,2019.Characteristics of heat-adjusting ring and the influence of thermal insulation support structure in high-temperature roadway[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,47(5):179-185.
ZhangYifu, XieQiannan, DongZiwen,et al,2021.Study on the influence of roadway cross-section shape on heat dissipation of surrounding rock[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,21(6):2595-2601.