Research on the Influence of the Coordinated Linkage of Technology,Organi-zation and Environment on the Vertical Integration of the Energy Metal Industry Chain
In the context of the “dual carbon” objective, the vertical integration of the energy metal industry chain has emerged as a crucial strategy for facilitating energy transformation. This study adopts a configurational perspective, employing the “Technology-Organization-Environment”(TOE) theoretical framework, alongside necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA) methods, to systematically investigate the driving mechanisms behind vertical integration within the energy metal industry chain. The research findings indicate that: (1)Vertical integration results from the synergistic interaction of multiple factors, with technical, organizational, and environmental factors not being individually necessary conditions; (2)The backward integration of new energy enterprises follows two configuration paths: a single core-driven supply chain stability and a dual core-driven revenue supply chain stability; (3)The forward integration of non-ferrous metal enterprises is characterized by two modes: technology supply chain synergy-driven and technology-revenue-environment comprehensive driven approaches.The study reveals the distinct driving mechanisms of vertical integration employed by enterprises at various stages of the industry chain, offering both a theoretical foundation and practical insights for optimizing the configuration of the energy metal industry chain. The research indicates that enterprises should select an integration strategy aligned with their specific resource endowments, while governmental bodies should develop tailored industrial policies to facilitate the coordinated development of the industry chain.
(2)组织层面。企业决策主要遵循成本效益原则:垂直一体化虽可通过内部化交易降低市场交易成本(Birge et al,2022),形成规模经济优势,但同时会增加组织内部的管理协调成本,包括供应链管理复杂度的提升和系统性风险的增加。此外,控制权获取也是重要动机,根据控制权理论,企业对产业链关键环节的产权控制需求会驱动一体化投资。我国特殊的产权制度环境为考察不同所有制企业(国企/非国企)在垂直一体化决策上的差异提供了独特视角(Bradley et al,2011)。
(3)环境层面。微观层面:企业资产专用性的增强和退出成本的提高会显著影响后续投资决策,这种“锁定效应”可能改变企业的战略选择(谭瑾等,2025)。中观层面:供销商集中度呈现双刃剑特征,适度的集中有利于保障供应稳定,但过度集中可能导致供应链风险传染(李华姣等,2025)。宏观层面:日益增加的政策不确定性和地缘政治风险(Rey et al,2002),促使企业通过垂直一体化来构建更具韧性的供应链体系,以应对复杂多变的外部环境。根据以上分析,得出本文的理论模型如图1所示。
由表6可知,存在2条驱动后向一体化组态,总体解的一致性水平为0.914,且2条组态一致性均大于阈值(0.8),总体覆盖率为0.201,说明可以解释20.1%的新能源后向一体化案例。根据Furnari et al(2021)关于组态命名的建议,即满足“命名简洁、把握整体、兼顾个体”3个层面,结合本文理论和典型案例,将技术创新、企业收益和供应链稳定性作为组态命名兼顾整体性和独特性的“锚”对2条组态进行命名。H1:供应链稳定性单核驱动型(核心条件:供应链稳定性,无辅助条件)。命名依据:该路径中仅供应链稳定性作为核心条件单独发挥作用,体现了供应链稳定性在缺乏其他条件支持时仍能独立驱动后向一体化的特征。H2:收益—供应链稳定性双核驱动型(核心条件:供应链稳定性+企业收益)。命名依据:该路径中供应链稳定性与企业收益共同作为核心条件,反映了在收益动机强化下供应链稳定性驱动的协同效应。
已有关于fsQCA稳健性的检验方法,主要包括调整一致性阈值、调整频数阈值、提高PRI一致性和增减案例等方式。通过提高PRI一致性和一致性阈值的方式进行稳健性检验(Schneider et al,2012)。具体如下:将PRI一致性由7.0提高至7.4,保持其他处理方式不变;将一致性阈值由8.0提高至8.2,保持其他处理方式不变。稳健性检验结果见表7。由表7可知,2种稳健性检验下产生的结果与原结果基本保持一致。
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