1.School of Mining Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
2.Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Safe and Efficient Mining of Rare Metal Resource, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
3.Sinosteel Ma’anshan Mining Research Institute Co. , Ltd. , Ma’anshan 243000, Anhui, China
In addressing the issue of multiple localized small-scale failures on the slope of an open-pit mine, this study utilized numerical simulation methods to examine the dynamic response characteristics and stability of a three-dimensional slope under blasting conditions. Initially, an analysis was conducted on the slope’s vibration velocity, displacement, and plastic zone, based on the existing blasting process parameters of the mine. Subsequently, the study investigated the impact of variations in single-stage explosive charge on the blasting vibration velocity and safety factor of the three-dimensional slope, thereby establishing the relationship between single-stage charge, slope dynamic response, and safety factor, and optimizing the maximum single-stage charge. Finally, the dynamic response characteristics of the three-dimensional slope under the optimized maximum single-stage charge were analyzed, and a comprehensive stability evaluation of the slope was performed by considering both the safety factor and the peak particle vibration velocity. The findings demonstrate that, under the initial single-stage charge, blasting exerted the most pronounced effect on horizontal vibration velocity, with a principal-direction peak vibration velocity of 16.40 cm/s, surpassing the safe allowable threshold. The maximum horizontal displacement of the slope reached 2.94 cm, and the slope safety factor was calculated at 1.13, falling short of regulatory standards and indicating a state of localized instability. The plastic zone exhibited interconnectivity at the slope toe, suggesting localized failure in that region. As the single-stage charge was increased, the peak vibration velocity consistently escalated, while the safety factor progressively diminished. Specifically, when the single-stage charge was augmented from 75 kg to 225 kg, the vibration velocity rose from 2.73 cm/s to 12.54 cm/s, and the safety factor decreased from 1.38 to 1.17. Through optimization analysis, the maximum permissible single-stage charge was identified as 200 kg. Under these conditions, the principal-direction peak vibration velocity was 10.60 cm/s, remaining within the safe allowable range, and the slope safety factor improved to 1.20, thereby satisfying regulatory requirements and indicating a stable state.The research results provide a scientific basis for blasting construction and stability control of the open-pit mine slope, offering valuable insights for similar engineering projects. Additionally, the study reveals the specific mechanisms of blasting vibration effects on slope dynamic response, providing important theoretical support for mine safety production and slope stability management.
露天开采是国内矿产资源开采的重要方式(王忠鑫等,2024),爆破作为露天开采的高效开挖手段得到了广泛应用(吴世然等,2021)。但是,爆破产生的振动具有幅值大和频率高等特点(董英健等,2019),其危害控制是矿山安全领域的关键难点(杜军等,2024)。随着开采深度的增加,爆破振动严重影响高陡边坡的稳定性,可能引发滑坡灾害。例如:贵州某铝土矿因爆破振动与雨水侵蚀耦合作用发生崩塌(陈阳等,2024),加里曼丹矿因爆破引发多起边坡破坏事件(Deb et al,2011),四川某矿因地质条件与爆破振动共同作用导致顺层滑坡(胡卸文等,2004)。因此,有必要对爆破振动进行控制及优化(何理等,2024),以保证矿山边坡的安全。
以往研究表明,爆破振动对顺倾边坡稳定性的影响显著且持久,监测显示其影响周期可达10 d,累积变形呈阶梯状加速增长(姜旭桐等,2023)。通过Sadovsky回归方程和数值模拟分析,明确了振动波的传播范围(Su et al,2022)。Li et al(2022)揭示了爆破振动波三维传播规律,提出了小直径缓冲减振爆破技术可有效控制边坡动力响应。基于爆破荷载的尖点突变模型显示,失稳风险与荷载幅值成正相关,与频率成负相关(周子涵等,2020)。随着爆破工程的不断增多,爆破安全预测也日益受到重视(Yin et al,2018),其中伪静态法适用于快速评估,而动力学模型能够更精确地表征动力响应特征(Singh et al,2024)。值得注意的是,机器学习预测模型通过整合多源参数显著提升了预测精度(黄晶柱等,2023)。此外,现场监测与数值模拟协调研究发现,水平径向振动速度对稳定性影响最为显著(王子一等,2023),数值模拟进一步揭示黏聚力是影响稳定性的关键因素,提高内摩擦角,可有效降低失稳风险(林令鑫等,2023)。这些成果为优化爆破设计和边坡防护提供了重要的技术支撑。
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