To investigate the blasting effects of continuous and segmented charges, a two-dimensional numerical model of single-hole blasting was developed by utilizing ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software. This model employed both the finite element method (FEM) and the smooth particle hydrodynamics-finite element method (SPH-FEM) coupling technique to simulate the rock mass’s single-hole blasting process. Initially, a two-dimensional numerical model was constructed to assess the feasibility and advantages of the SPH-FEM coupling method. Subsequently, using the SPH-FEM coupling approach, three-dimensional numerical models for continuous and segmented charges were developed. The models facilitated a comparative analysis of vibration velocity, pressure fields, effective stress distribution, and damage characteristics of the rock located 1 meter from the blast hole.The study reveals that within the two-dimensional model, the simulation outcomes of the two algorithms exhibit a similar trend, with the damage range being largely consistent. Notably, the SPH-FEM coupling method demonstrates crack propagation with greater clarity, and the simulation results for the crushing area and it more accurately reproduces the dynamic response process of rock mass blasting. The final ejection velocity of the sectional charge rock reached 69.6 m/s, representing a 12.3% increase compared to the continuous charge. Additionally, the stress peak of the free plane mass point, located 1 meter from the blast center, increased by 646 MPa. Under identical blasting parameters, the segmented charge structure yields superior blasting performance and effectiveness.
SPH-FEM耦合法能够有效模拟爆破近区的成坑行为和岩体损伤,这一优势使其成为装药结构优化设计的有效分析工具(王维国等,2013;杨仁树等,2024)。光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)是一种通过粒子间的局部相互作用来表征材料宏观力学行为的数值模拟方法。早期SPH被用于天体物理学的研究(Lucy,1977;Gingold et al,1977),目前已扩展到大变形问题。国外学者主要关注算法的稳健性,其中支持热—力耦合与可逆相变的SPH框架成功模拟金属粉末爆炸焊接中的熔融—凝固过程,界面塑性变形预测误差相较传统的SPH法有了显著提升(Fuchs et al,2021)。与此同时,人工智能技术深度融入爆破数值模拟领域,通过深度学习实现爆破过程中力学参数的预测,从而提高了模型的计算效率(Wang et al,2023)。在国内,配合LS-DYNA二次开发技术,SPH-FEM耦合算法在研究侵彻和爆破等极端荷载场景中展现出显著优势(胡英国等,2015),尤其在模拟冲击载荷下的变形和损伤问题中,SPH-FEM耦合法较单一数值方法能够更有效地刻画爆轰产物膨胀和近场岩体的大变形行为(强洪夫等,2016;王志亮等,2018;程兵等,2020)。基于SPH-FEM方法对爆破过程的精细化模拟能力,研究人员进一步探索了装药结构对爆破效果的调控机制。例如,在单孔爆破模型中,当首段装药比例设定为0.4时,炸药能量释放效率达到最优(李成孝等,2023)。对比连续装药与分段装药的爆破效果,后者不仅使岩石破碎块度更均匀,而且通过微差破岩机制改善了岩体破坏形态(胡涛等,2014;邹新宽等,2018)。但是,SPH-FEM耦合法在装药结构优化及爆破效果分析中的应用仍需进一步探索。
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