A mining operation in Xinjiang is transitioning its extraction technique from open-stope to backfill mining. This study aims to examine the effects of mass fraction(A), sand-to-cement ratio(B), waste rock particle size(C), and their interactions on the rheological properties of waste rock-unclassified tailings backfill slurry. To achieve this, response surface methodology(RSM) was utilized in conjunction with a Box-Behnken experimental design to quantitatively assess rheological parameters through L-shaped pipeline simulation tests. Seventeen experimental groups were established based on a three-factor, three-level design, employing an L-shaped pipeline apparatus with an inner diameter of 50 mm and a bend line ratio of 3.13. Yield stress and viscosity coefficient were determined using static equilibrium and shear stress equations. A quadratic regression model was constructed and analyzed for variance using Design-Expert 13 software. The experimental findings demonstrated a significant positive correlation between yield stress/viscosity coefficient and mass fraction. Variance analysis revealed that the primary effects were ranked in the order of A>C>B, corresponding to mass fraction>waste rock particle size > sand-to-binder ratio. The interaction effects were ranked as AC>BC>AB, with the AB interaction having no significant impact on yield stress. Dynamic sensitivity analysis showed that a decrease in mass fraction led to a gradual weakening of the influence of waste rock particle size on yield stress and the viscosity coefficient. Similarly, the effect of the sand-to-binder ratio on the viscosity coefficient also diminished. When the waste rock particle size was small, the influence of the sand-to-binder ratio on viscosity coefficient was reduced. Likewise, at lower sand-to-binder ratios, the impact of waste rock particle size on yield stress and the viscosity coefficient became less significant. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization identified the optimal mix ratio as a mass fraction of 86%, a sand-to-binder ratio of 7.427, and a waste rock particle size of -5 mm. Under these conditions, the relative error between the predicted rheological parameters and the average values from five validation tests was less than 5%, confirming the model’s high predictive accuracy. This study offers significant insights into optimizing the mix ratios of mine waste rock-tailings cemented fill slurry, thereby providing a solid theoretical basis for achieving low-resistance and high-stability backfill in practical engineering applications.
近年来,国内外学者对充填料浆流变特性开展了大量研究。在流变测试与建模方面,基于静力平衡原理,采用L型管道试验装置对流变参数进行了计算研究(齐兆军等,2018;杜加法等,2020)。同时,系统梳理了全尾砂膏体流变学研究现状,建立了从概念、特性到模型的完整理论框架,并指出流变测量技术标准化的发展方向(吴爱祥等,2020,2021)。充填料浆流变特性受多种因素的影响,孙京阁等(2021)研究了温度对高浓度全尾砂充填料浆流变性能的影响规律,张美道等(2021)通过试验研究了料浆质量浓度和灰砂比对料浆流动性能的影响。在复合骨料体系方面,研究指出含粗骨料(废石、棒磨砂等)的尾砂膏体仍符合宾汉流体特征,其流变参数主要受质量浓度、粗骨料含量、灰砂比和尾废比等因素控制(尹升华等,2023;王小林等,2024)。此外,研究发现粗骨料膏体的流变参数具有显著的时间依赖性和触变特性,屈服应力与剪切时间呈负指数关系,黏度系数的时变特征可用高斯分布函数描述(Yang et al,2024)。这些研究为理解复合骨料充填体系的流变机理和优化管道输送参数提供了重要的理论基础。响应面法(RSM)作为一种高效的统计优化方法,在充填料浆流变特性研究中得到了广泛应用。该方法通过多项式拟合建立多变量非线性系统的数学模型,有效解决了多变量非线性系统的参数优化问题(尹升华等,2020;于恩毅等,2020;杨升旺等,2021; 张修香等,2023;李广波等,2024)。研究人员采用响应面法建立了煤矸石充填料浆流变参数的回归模型,揭示了质量分数、粉煤灰掺量及细矸石比例的交互影响规律(Zhu et al,2021)。随着研究工作的深入,研究人员发现充填料浆流变特性具有显著的时间依赖性。部分学者进一步采用响应面法研究了含羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)的细粒煤矸石充填料浆在不同养护时间下的流动性和流变特性演化规律(Gu et al,2024)。综上所述,现有研究虽然在充填料浆流变特性方面取得了显著进展,但仍存在以下局限:多数研究聚焦于单一骨料体系,对废石—全尾砂复合骨料体系中质量浓度、砂灰比和废石粒径三因素及其交互作用的系统研究尚不充分。此外,现有研究对多因素交互作用的物理机理阐释不足,其规律在充填料浆配比优化中的实践应用也缺乏系统指导,亟需深入探究以提升工程应用价值。
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