As the centralized repository for waste materials produced during mining operations, the stability of waste dump slopes is crucial for ensuring mine safety. These slopes are influenced by the combined effects of various factors. In the assessment process, it is imperative to consider not only the inherent randomness of each evaluation indicator but also the uncertainties stemming from incomplete information or ambiguous judgments. This study introduces an evaluation method, grounded in game theory and an improved cloud model, that accurately quantifies the hazard levels of waste dumps. In constructing the evaluation indicator system, a comprehensive analysis of factors affecting slope instability in waste dumps, is conducted. Key parameters, such as slope angle(α), slope height(H), unit weight(γ), cohesion(c), internal friction angle(φ), and moisture content(MC), are selected to develop a multidimensional and comprehensive evaluation indicator system. Data from 50 sets of slope sample trials are utilized. The entropy weight method and the G1 method are utilized to determine the objective and subjective weights of each indicator, respectively. Subsequently, game theory is applied to integrate and optimize these subjective and objective weights, thereby mitigating the subjectivity and limitations inherent in single weighting approaches. To overcome the challenges posed by traditional cloud models in managing data within fuzzy boundary intervals, semi-ascending and semi-descending cloud models are employed to represent uncertainties at these intervals, leading to the development of an improved cloud model. By combining the subjective and objective weights with the cloud model’s capability to handle uncertainty, an accurate quantification of the hazard levels of waste dump slopes is achieved. The membership degrees of various hazard levels are calculated to ascertain the hazard levels of the sample waste dumps, which are then compared with the evaluation outcomes derived from individual subjective or objective weighting methods, as well as the actual hazard levels. In conclusion, the capability of the Game-Improved CM to classify hazards is thoroughly examined. To enhance the verification of the model’s accuracy and reliability, it is employed to evaluate and analyze ten sets of test sample data. The findings of this study reveal that the hazard level assessments of waste dumps conducted using the Game-Improved CM align closely with actual conditions. Furthermore, when compared to existing methodologies, the evaluation approach utilizing the Game-Improved CM exhibits enhanced practicality and reliability.
排土场边坡实例数据集的直方分布图如图7所示。边坡各评价指标数据都是随机变量,根据相关研究成果(Shukla et al,2021),自然科学许多随机变量均基本或近似服从正态分布。直方柱表示评价指标数据在不同范围内的数量分布情况,由图7可知,6个评价指标的直方柱都是从最高直方柱向两边依次降低,60组数据中存在个别极端离群值,使得直方图出现虚假偏态,掩盖了真实的集中趋势和离散程度,加之样本数据量较小,个别直方柱并不完全符合此规律,但出现偏差的程度较小,属于正常情况。曲线代表各评价指标数据的正态分布情况,说明所有评价指标均基本或近似服从正态分布。因此,本文采用云模型来确定排土场边坡危险等级具有一定的合理性。
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