Energy consumption in comminution processes, which include blasting, crushing, and grinding, constitutes a significant portion of operational costs in hard-rock mining. Traditional optimization approaches often treat blasting and crushing as separate systems, leading to inefficient energy distribution and underutilization of chemical energy (explosives) to alleviate the burden on downstream mechanical comminution.This study addresses this gap by developing a quantitative energy coupling model that connects blasting energy input, rock fragmentation distribution, and subsequent crushing energy consumption. To quantify these relationships, a comprehensive experimental program was conducted on two representative rock types:granodiorite porphyry and skarn.The methodology integrates dynamic impact tests using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) with static-impact crushing tests employing a drop-weight apparatus.The SHPB tests, conducted under varying impact air pressures, simulated the rock fracturing process under explosive loading.The results indicate a clear linear dependency, wherein the three-dimensional mean particle size of the blasted rock decreases proportionally with increasing incident energy. Subsequent to the primary stage, drop-weight tests were conducted on oversized fragments to establish an exponential growth model for crushing energy consumption as a function of input particle size. This model underscores the substantial energy costs associated with processing coarse blast fragmentation.By mathematically integrating both stages, the study developed a comprehensive model of total energy consumption. The analysis reveals that the total system energy exhibits a characteristic “U-shaped” trend (decreasing then increasing) within the constraints of the process.Specifically, an increase in blasting energy initially leads to a significant reduction in mechanical crushing load. However, beyond a certain point, further increases in blasting energy result in diminishing returns.The model identifies precise optimal operating points, with minimum total energy consumption recorded at 176.66 J for porphyry and 91.54 J for skarn.These minima correspond to an optimal fragment size range of 37~42 mm.By targeting this specific fragmentation range, overall system energy consumption can be reduced by up to 42.8% compared to conventional operational parameters.These findings reveal a fundamental conflict between the nonlinear characteristics of crushing dissipation and the gradient distribution of blasting energy. The results indicate that relying exclusively on mechanical crushing for size reduction is energetically inefficient for hard rocks. Instead, increasing the proportion of rock breakage achieved through chemical energy or implementing multi-stage crushing strategies can substantially improve system performance.This study, for the first time, develops a closed-loop quantitative coupling model of blasting energy, fragment size, and crushing energy. It elucidates the nonlinear principles governing inter-process energy transfer and provides both a theoretical foundation and parameterized guidance for optimizing energy use throughout the entire process. This research offers significant engineering value for cost-effective and sustainable energy-efficient hard-rock mining.
然而,当前矿山“爆破—破碎”环节的能量协同效率普遍低下(Dragano et al,2019)。由于传统经验化爆破设计导致的块度离散性高,块度级配失调往往引发后续破碎与磨矿能耗的指数级增长(王凤林等,2016;Mboyo et al,2024);尽管研究人员尝试通过调整孔网参数或破碎机功率来改善破碎块度分布,以降低系统能耗,但由于缺乏揭示能量输入与破碎需求动态耦合的定量模型,难以实现跨工艺链的系统性节能(Esen et al,2013)。因此,构建以块度分布为介质的能量传递函数,优化能量分配,是实现硬岩矿山降本增效的关键路径(李夕兵等,2010)。
入射能除一部分转化为反射能和透射能之外,剩余部分能量记为,主要由矿石断裂破坏耗能、碎块动能和摩擦能等组成。基于大量试验数据(Zhang et al,2000)可知,在的总能量中的占比低于8%,而在中的占比超过85%。此外,试验前通过在试件与压杆表面均匀涂抹润滑,可忽略界面摩擦耗能的影响(张文清等,2016)。由此可近似认为用于矿石断裂破坏的耗能等于总耗散能,即矿石试件的耗散能等于入射能减去反射能与透射能之和,即:
进行SHPB试验时,确保试件在破坏前两端应力平衡,是满足一维应力波假设及应力(应变)均匀性假设的基本前提(Turcotte et al,1986)。因此,为确保试验数据的有效性,有必要对试件的应力平衡状况进行分析。基于图3所示的200 μs波形数据,观察曲线可知,入射波与反射波的叠加曲线与透射波曲线重合度较好,说明试件能够满足应力平衡条件,其他试件也具有类似表现。
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