Fluorite, the sole naturally occurring mineral form of calcium fluoride (CaF₂), has been classified as a “strategic mineral” or “critical mineral” byseveral nations due to its essential role as a raw material in emerging industries such as hydrogen fuel cells, lithium batteries, and semiconductor cleaning agents. The stability of fluorite supply and its price volatility are intrinsically linked to the security of the new energy and semiconductor sectors. However, existing researchpredominantly emphasizes the assessment of resource status and analysis of supply-demand dynamics, while largely neglecting the quantitative characterization of trade dependency relationships and their dynamic effects on pricing mechanisms. To address thisresearch gap, the present study employs fluorite trade data spanning from 2010 to 2024, sourced from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database(UN Comtrade), to develop a global fluorite trade dependency network. This network is constructed using the preference matching index(PMI) as edge weights. This study comprehensively evaluates import demand levels, export supply capacity, and bilateral trade preferences through a detailed analysis of network structure evolution using trade dependency network indicators. A panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model is subsequently developed to assess these dynamics. By integrating impulse response functions, the research investigates the dynamic response and duration of fluctuations in fluorite trade prices when trade network topology indicators experience shocks. The findings reveal that: (1)The global trade dependency network is characterized by diversification and fragmentation, with China and the Netherlands emerging as central hubs. Although Germany remains influential, its intermediary control capacity is gradually diminishing. (2)Isolated subgroups have formed at the network’s periphery, comprising countries such as Rwanda, Argentina, and Paraguay, highlighting the ongoing interplay between globalization and geopolitical tensions in the evolution of the fluorite trade network. (3)The pricing of fluorite in trade markets is influenced not only by traditional supply and demand dynamics but also significantly shaped by the structure of trade networks. The effects of weighted out-degree and weighted in-degree on pricing reveal asymmetric impulse responses, with local clustering exerting a more substantial short-term impact on prices than the control power of hubs. By integrating resource dependency theory with complex network analysis, this study transcends the limitations of conventional analyses based solely on trade volume or value, thereby making significant theoretical contributions. The findings offer novel insights into the dynamic evolution of global fluorite resource allocation and provide practical implications for optimizing industrial structures and enhancing supply chain stability in strategic emerging industries.
本文以国家作为网络节点,构建复杂贸易网络模型。其中,i和j分别代表萤石的进口国与出口国。定义邻接矩阵 A =[],用于刻画贸易网络中各节点间的连接关系。具体而言,当=1时,表示萤石进口国i与出口国j之间存在贸易往来;当=0时,表明二者之间不存在贸易关系。在此基础上,进一步以作为边的权重,构建加权有向贸易依赖网络。权重矩阵 W =[],其中以归一化后的进行赋值。通过上述方法,最终构建出全球的萤石贸易依赖网络。本文从整体和个体2个方面对萤石贸易依赖网络进行测度和分析。个体测度指标包括节点度、节点加权度、局部集聚系数、接近中心性和中介中心性;整体测度指标包括网络密度、平均聚类系数和平均路径长度,具体指标含义见表1。
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