An advanced control methodology, utilizing a five-layer fuzzy neural network PID controller, is introduced to address the technical challenges associated with hysteresis nonlinearity and low control accuracy in the spiral powder metering control system within metal mine filling technology. This approach integrates the inferential capabilities of fuzzy logic with the self-learning attributes of neural networks, thereby facilitating the online adaptive tuning of PID parameters through a structurally equivalent fuzzy neural network architecture. A five-layer network configuration was developed, with mathematical formulations delineated for each layer, and these formulations were subsequently validated and analyzed using Python software. Drawing upon the expertise gained from adjusting the parameters of the spiral scale, a fuzzy inference mechanism and a comprehensive fuzzy rule library were constructed, culminating in the establishment of an automated model for the spiral weighing system. Stability simulations were conducted employing both MATLAB and Python to ensure robustness and reliability. In comparison to traditional PID controllers, the proposed FNN-PID controller demonstrated substantial improvements in overshoot (1% compared to 12.5%), adjustment time (3.8 seconds versus 6.2 seconds), and anti-interference performance, as evidenced by a Lyapunov exponent of -0.42, which confirms the global exponential stability of the system. To enhance the efficiency of the PLC, a lookup table method is employed in lieu of complex operations. The rule layer is derived from fuzzy rule tables and implemented via the lookup table method in the PLC. By precomputing membership functions and rule outputs, the real-time computational workload is significantly reduced. The parameter learning cycle is configured to 100 milliseconds, while the communication update cycle is set at 500 milliseconds. Industrial application verification indicates that the algorithm utilizes only 3%~5% of CPU resources, thereby ensuring robust control performance and uninterrupted operation over a 12 -month period without program failures. The system’s conveying capacity exceeds 50 000 tons. This control system effectively stabilizes the measurement accuracy of cementitious materials within ± 2.0%, offering a viable technical solution for addressing high-precision powder measurement control challenges.
在传统的PID控制中,控制参数Kp、 Td和Ti均是在调试完成后固定设置,当系统运动状态与调试时相差较大时,调节参数往往不能满足实际需求。模糊PID控制通过模糊逻辑动态调整PID控制参数的智能控制方法(王增加等,2023;Yan et al,2026),将误差和误差变化率进行归一化和模糊化,设计隶属度函数,建立模糊规则表,进行模糊推理和解模糊,实现PID参数的动态更新调节。
结构等价型结合神经网络是一种将传统控制理论(如PID)与神经网络(NN)深度融合的智能控制架构,其核心思想是通过网络结构与控制器的数学等价性,实现可解释性、稳定性和自适应性的平衡(Piao et al,2021;Wang et al,2022)。设计五层模糊神经网络结构如图4所示,即输入层→模糊化层→规则层→归一化层→输出层(PID参数调整)。
该网络结构的设计依据在于:输入层负责信号预处理;模糊化层选用三角形隶属度函数,在计算复杂度与灵敏度之间取得了良好平衡(Shao et al,2026);规则层49个节点的设计源于2个输入模糊集的笛卡尔积,确保了规则库的完备性;归一化层避免了单一规则主导输出,增强了系统的平衡性。表2所示的2个参数的模糊规则库,是基于现场操作经验和大量预仿真试验总结优化得出的,其核心原则是:当误差较大时,优先消除误差(增大Kp);当误差较小时,防止超调(增大Kd);稳态时减小静差(调节Ki)。通过语句示例:“IF e is NB AND ec is PB THEN ΔKp=PB,ΔKi =NB,ΔKd=PS”,这是一条典型的模糊规则,2个输入的模糊条件,主导3个输出的模糊动作。
在理想条件下,运用MATLAB和Python3.11辅以Pandas和Matplotlib库进行PID、模糊PID和模糊神经网络PID仿真试验,螺旋输送的数学模型参照Mahmoodabadi et al(2025)中的方法,代入现场参数求出螺旋输送机传递函数如式(10)所示,电机功率为5.5 kW,实际运行电流为7 A。
通过Python计算级数在复平面收敛区域的最大半径和李雅普诺夫指数(顾清华等,2025;Mahmoo-dabadi et al,2025),对比结果如表4所示。其中,模糊神经网络PID的李雅普诺夫指数为-0.42。该数值处于适度负值区间(-0.5~-0.1),表明系统稳定且具有较快的指数收敛速率,同时在参数摄动下能够保持良好的稳健性,契合工业现场对控制器的核心需求。
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