电弧熔丝增材制造与表面塑性变形复合制造工艺研究进展

Progress on hybrid process of wire arc additive manufacturing and surface plastic forming

摘要

电弧熔丝增材制造技术具有沉积效率高、原材料浪费少、设备成本低、能够沉积大型构件等优点，在航空航天领域受到广泛关注。然而，在其制造过程中仍然不可避免产生部分缺陷，影响构件的性能及其工业应用。将表面塑性变形技术与电弧熔丝增材复合是一种有效的解决方法。在增材制造过程中逐层进行表面塑性变形强化，有望实现增材制造构件非均匀组织、内部缺陷及残余应力的同步调控，最终实现三维整体强化。本文综述了近年来电弧熔丝增材制造与表面塑性变形复合制造工艺的研究现状，并重点介绍激光冲击强化这一非接触式表面强化工艺在复合制造工艺中的潜力。最后从理论发展、设备开发、在线控制的角度探讨复合制造工艺所面临的挑战及未来的发展趋势。

Abstract

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has received wide attention because of its high deposition efficiency，reduced material waste and low equipment cost. However，WAAM process often generates defects due to its intrinsic characteristics. The integration of additive manufacturing and surface strengthening techniques is an effective solution. To control the non-uniform microstructures， internal defects and residual stresses in the components， achieving three-dimensional strengthening by surface enhancement layer by layer during the additive manufacturing process. This paper reviews the recent research status of hybrid manufacturing processes involving WAAM and surface enhancement techniques，with focus on the potential of laser shock peening， a non-contact surface strengthening process，within these hybrid manufacturing processes. Finally，the paper discusses the challenges and future trends of composite manufacturing processes from the perspective of theoretical development，equipment innovation and online control.

关键词

电弧熔丝增材制造 / 激光冲击强化 / 表面强化 / 复合制造

Key words

wire arc additive manufacturing / laser shock peening / surface strengthening / hybrid manufacturing

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(52275374)