基于自适应温致变色材料的雷达-变色兼容隐身性能分析

Radar-chromatic compatible stealth performance based on adaptive thermochomic materials

摘要

自适应温致变色材料在可见光波段可满足军事动态伪装应用要求。然而，随着战场多波段伪装要求提高，尤其是雷达波段伪装的发展，仅具备单一温致变色功能材料已不适合战场发展需要。因此，实现变色/雷达兼容伪装成为需要重点解决的问题。采用原位聚合法制备自适应温致变色微胶囊材料，借助SEM、XRD和FTIR分析变色微胶囊材料的物质组成，并通过同轴法分别测试变色微胶囊材料、雷达吸波材料和雷达-变色兼容复合材料的吸波性能。变色微胶囊材料由变色复配物（荧烷染料、双酚AF、十二醇和共轭变色物）和脲醛树脂壁材组成，制备的变色涂层材料由变色微胶囊、水性聚氨酯与助剂三类物质组成，这三类物质互不影响，相互兼容。吸波测试表明：变色涂层介电常数和磁导率的虚部均为0，不具备电损耗和磁损耗性，也未对雷达吸波涂层吸波性能产生明显影响。由于新研制的变色涂层材料中各类物质都不具备吸波能力，属于透波材料，最终变色涂层与雷达吸波涂层能够实现良好兼容。

Abstract

Adaptive thermochromic materials can meet the requirements of military dynamic camouflage application in the visible light band. However, a single thermochromic material is not suitable for the development of the battlefield as the requirements of the battlefield multi-band camouflage increase, especially the development of radar-band camouflage. Therefore, thermochromic/radar compatible technology is the issue that needs to be addressed. Adaptive thermochromic microcapsule materials are prepared by in-situ polymerization. The composition of microcapsule is analyzed using SEM, XRD and FTIR. The absorption properties of microcapsule, radar absorbing and thermochromic-radar composite materials are tested using coaxial method. The microcapsule materials are composed of thermochromic complex (fluorescent alkane dyes, bisphenol AF, dodecanol and conjugated color change substances) and urea formaldehyde resin. The corresponding thermochromic coating material includes thermochromic microcapsules, waterborne polyurethane and additives, which are compatible with each other. The microwave absorption test shows that the imaginary part of permittivity and permeability in thermochromic coatings are both zero, which possesses non-electrical and magnetic lossy properties, and does not significantly affect the wave-absorbing performance of the radar-absorbing coatings. The newly developed thermochromic coating material is a transparent to microwave due to the low electromagnetic loss capability. Finally, the thermochromic coating achieves excellent compatibility with radar stealth coatings.

关键词

温致变色 / 雷达隐身 / 原位聚合法 / 微胶囊 / 吸波

Key words

thermochromic / radar absorbing / in situ polymerization / microencapsulation / microwave absorption

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基金资助

武器装备综合研究重点项目(LJ20212A031034)

青年科创基金项目(PFXY220214002)