增材制造-热压注复合成型铝-硅基陶瓷型芯

王玥 ,  李鑫 ,  牛书鑫 ,  周婷婷 ,  司远 ,  王珂 ,  石振梅 ,  于千思一 ,  骆宇时

航空材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4) : 64 -72.

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航空材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4) : 64 -72. DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2024.000177
研究论文

增材制造-热压注复合成型铝-硅基陶瓷型芯

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Alumina-silica based ceramic cores prepared by additive manufacturing-hot press injection composite molding

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摘要

陶瓷型芯是航空发动机单晶高温合金空心涡轮叶片的重要转接件。为解决陶瓷型芯精细结构抗冲击不足的问题,采用光固化增材制造研制复合成型铝-硅基陶瓷型芯,形成尺寸精度和三点抗弯强度分别可达±0.003 mm 和 314 MPa 的致密 α-Al2O3 相陶瓷精细结构部件,具有良好的抗冲击性;利用热压注成型包裹铝基陶瓷部件的陶瓷型芯主体,其抗弯强度和显气孔率分别为 12 MPa 和 29.5%,使陶瓷型芯主体保证良好的退让性和溶失性。同时,建立铝-硅材料异质界面分离间隙宽度与两种材料热膨胀率、收缩率和弹性模量的关系,采用增材制造铝基陶瓷部件表面微观纹理设计,在复合成型陶瓷型芯上形成镶嵌咬合式铝-硅界面微观结构,提高异质界面的物理结合能力,有效补偿热过程异质界面分离。利用复合成型铝-硅基陶瓷型芯实现单晶空心涡轮叶片的基础浇注验证,工艺孔尺寸符合性高,内腔无多余金属,在航空发动机高温合金叶片精密铸造领域具有广阔的应用前景。

Abstract

Ceramic cores are key transfer components for single crystal superalloy hollow turbine blades in aeroengines. To address the insufficient impact resistance of the fine structures in ceramic cores, this work innovatively adopts photocuring additive manufacturing to develop a composite-formed alumina-silica based ceramic core. Dense α-Al2O3 phase ceramic fine structural components are produced, with dimensional accuracy and three-point bending strength reaching ±0.003 mm and 314 MPa, respectively, exhibiting excellent impact resistance. The main body of the ceramic core, which encapsulates the alumina-based ceramic components via hot injection molding, has a bending strength of 12 MPa and an apparent porosity of 29.5%, ensuring favorable collapsibility and leachability. The relationship between the separation gap width of the heterogeneous alumina-silica material interface and the thermal expansion coefficient, shrinkage rate, and elastic modulus of two materials is established. Micro-texture design on the surface of additively manufactured alumina-based ceramic components is adopted to form an interlocking alumina-silica interface microstructure on the composite-formed ceramic core, which improves the physical bonding strength of the heterogeneous interface and effectively compensates for interfacial separation during thermal processes. Basic casting verification of single-crystal hollow turbine blades is achieved using the composite-formed alumina-silica based ceramic core, with high dimensional conformity of process holes and no excess metal in the inner cavity. It demonstrates broad application prospects in the precision casting of superalloy blades for aeroengines.

关键词

精密铸造 / 陶瓷型芯 / 增材制造 / 热压注 / 异质界面

Key words

precision casting / ceramic core / additive manufacturing / hot pressing injection / heterogeneous interface

引用本文

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王玥,李鑫,牛书鑫,周婷婷,司远,王珂,石振梅,于千思一,骆宇时. 增材制造-热压注复合成型铝-硅基陶瓷型芯[J]. 航空材料学报, 2026, 46(4): 64-72 DOI:10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2024.000177

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