聚酰亚胺复合材料在飞机排气道中的设计与应用

Design and application of polyimide composites in aircraft exhaust nozzle

摘要

聚酰亚胺复合材料因其良好的耐高温性能，广泛应用于飞机及发动机结构设计。结合当前聚酰亚胺复合材料的特点和材料性能，对飞机聚酰亚胺排气道结构进行方案设计和制造；通过采用拓扑优化、热力耦合计算、综合工艺优化等，对排气道结构关键影响因子进行研究，形成聚酰亚胺复合材料排气道结构的设计与工艺制造方法，成功实现 2 m 级典型筒段结构的高精度制造，并完成静力实验验证。结果表明：采用 HST300/CCF800 聚酰亚胺复合材料设计制造的排气道可以承受 100% 设计载荷，应力、应变分布符合设计预期。

Abstract

Polyimide composites are extensively utilized in aircraft and engine structural design due to their superior high-temperature resistance properties. An aircraft polyimide composite exhaust nozzle structure is designed and fabricated based on the material characteristics and performance properties of polyimide composite. Furthermore, the factors impacting the application of polyimide composite in exhaust nozzles are examined through topological optimization and thermomechanical coupling strength analysis as well as integrated manufacturing optimization technologies. Consequently, typical design and application methodologies for polyimide composites have been established, which is verified and validated by the high precision manufacturing of typical 2-meter typical barrel structure and its static strength test. The results demonstrate that the exhaust nozzle designed and manufactured using HST300/CCF800 polyimide composite material can withstand 100% of the design load, and the stress and strain distributions are consistent with the design expectations.

关键词

聚酰亚胺 / 复合材料 / 飞机 / 排气道

Key words

polyimide / composite / aircraft / exhaust nozzle

参考文献

[1] 张明，李强. 未来空战装备技术发展趋势研究[J].航空学报，2023，44（5）：1234-1245.

[2] ZHANG M, LI Q . Research on the development trends of future air combat equipment technology[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(5): 1234-1245.

[3] 张乐，周洲，许晓平. 隐身反设计下飞翼布局气动与隐身综合设计[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报，2017，49（10）：22-30.

[4] ZHANG L, ZHOU Z, XU X P . Integrated aerodynamic and stealth design of flying wing configuration under stealth anti-design[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2017, 49(10): 22-30.

[5] SU X F, ABDI F . Progressive failure analysis of RLV laminates of IM7/PETI-5 at high, room, and cryogenic temperatures[C]//Proceedings of 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Norfolk: AIAA, 2003: 1517.

[6] 鹿海军，刘晓丽，李学山，等. 石英纤维增强聚酰亚胺透波复合材料的高温热氧老化性能[J].航空材料学报，2022，42（5）：127-134.

[7] LU H J, LIU X L, LI X S, et al. Thermal-oxidative aging performance of quartz fiber reinforced polyimide wave-transparent composites at high temperatures[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2022, 42(5): 127-134.

[8] 张朋，周立正，包建文，等. 耐 350 ℃ RTM 聚酰亚胺树脂及其复合材料性能[J].复合材料学报，2014，31（2）：275-281.

[9] ZHANG P, ZHOU L Z, BAO J W, et al. Properties of 350 ℃ RTM polyimide resin and its composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2014, 31(2): 275-281.

[10] 王彦明，王廷梅，王齐华，等. 耐高温聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦学性能研究[C]//第十一届全国摩擦学大会论文集. 兰州：中国机械工程学会，2013：747.

[11] WANG Y M, WANG T M, WANG Q H, et al. Study on the tribological properties of high-temperature polyimide composites[C]//Proceedings of the 11th National Tribology Conference. Lanzhou: Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society, 2013: 747.

[12] 刘强，王晓亮，蒋蔚，等. BMP 系列热固性聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料的应用进展[J].航空制造技术，2009（增刊 1）：22-24.

[13] LIU Q, WANG X L, JIANG W, et al. Application progress of BMP thermosetting polyimide resin matrix composites[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2009(Suppl 1): 22-24.

[14] 冯峰. 基于 Abaqus 的有限元薄壁结构静强度分析方法研究[J].现代机械，2018（3）：65-69.

[15] FENG F . Research on static strength analysis method of thin-wall structures based on Abaqus[J].Modern Machinery, 2018(3): 65-69.

[16] 隋允康，宣东海，尚珍. 连续体结构拓扑优化的高精度逼近 ICM 方法[J].力学学报，2011，43（4）：716-725.

[17] SUI Y K, XUAN D H, SHANG Z . ICM method with high accuracy approximation for topology optimization of continuum structures[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2011, 43(4): 716-725.

[18] 李明，张伟. 现代飞机结构设计进展：应用与创新[J].航空工程与技术，2024，45（3）：123-138.

[19] LI M, ZHANG W . Progress in modern aircraft structural design: applications and innovations[J].Aerospace Engineering and Technology, 2024, 45(3): 123-138.

[20] 雷凯，王彬文，成竹，等. 飞机多钉壁板混合结构热应力分析与验证[J].应用力学学报，2023，40（1）：40-47.

[21] LEI K, WANG B W, CHENG Z, et al. Thermal stress analysis and verification of aircraft multi-bolt hybrid panel structure[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2023, 40(1): 40-47.

[22] 沙云东，郭小鹏，廖连芳，等. 随机声载荷作用下的复杂薄壁结构 Von Mises 应力概率分布研究[J].振动与冲击，2011，30（1）：137-141.

[23] SHA Y D, GUO X P, LIAO L F, et al. Probability distribution of Von Mises stress for complex thin-walled structures undergoing random acoustic loadings[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2011, 30(1): 137-141.

[24] 李亚林，莫军，陈红永. 基于 Rayleigh-Ritz 法的复合材料薄壁圆柱壳屈曲和热模态分析[J].科学技术与工程，2019, 19(1): 250-255.

[25] LI Y L, MO J, CHEN H Y . Thermal buckling and modal analysis of composite thin-cylindrical shells based on Rayleigh-Ritz method[J].Science Technology and Engineering, 2019, 19(1): 250-255.

[26] 严冲. 多层对称铺层复合材料层合板的剪切屈曲分析[J].今日制造与升级，2022（11）：74-77.

[27] YAN C . Shear buckling analysis of multi-layer symmetric composite laminates[J].Modern Manufacturing and Upgrading, 2022(11): 74-77.

[28] 包建文，蒋诗才，张代军. 航空碳纤维树脂基复合材料的发展现状和趋势[J].科技导报，2018，36（19）：52-63.

[29] BAO J W, JIANG S C, ZHANG D J . Current status and trends of aeronautical resin matrix composites reinforced by carbon fiber[J].Science & Technology Review, 2018, 36(19): 52-63.

[30] 梁恒亮，陈玉龙，周洪飞. 耐温 350 ℃以上复合材料外涵机匣模拟件的研制[J].复合材料科学与工程，2022（2）：112-118.

[31] LIANG H L, CHEN Y L, ZHOU H F . Study on the composite simulator of the aero-engine bypass duct with resistance above 350 ℃[J].Composites Science and Engineering, 2022(2): 112-118.

[32] 张佳斌. 结构热强度试验典型热-压耦合试验方法研究[J].工程与试验，2020，60（4）：31-33.

[33] ZHANG J B . Study on typical heat-pressure coupling test method for structural thermal strength test[J].Engineering & Test, 2020, 60(4): 31-33.

[34] 李真，王俊，邓凡臣，等. 复合材料机身壁板的强度分析与试验验证[J].航空学报，2020，41（9）：123-135.

[35] LI Z, WANG J, DENG F C, et al. Strength analysis and test verification of composite fuselage panels[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2020, 41(9): 123-135.