先进复合材料在国外航空发动机应用与发展

沈尔明 ,  李晓欣 ,  王刚 ,  陈晓龙 ,  胡鹏

航空材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2) : 1 -12.

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航空材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2) : 1 -12. DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2025.000041
综述

先进复合材料在国外航空发动机应用与发展

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Application and development of advanced composite materials in foreign aeroengines

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摘要

先进复合材料在航空发动机中的应用已成为提高发动机性能、减轻质量、提高燃油效率的关键技术之一。本文综述先进复合材料在国外航空涡扇发动机上应用现状与发展,重点介绍环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺等树脂基复合材料(polymer matrix composite,PMC)、钛合金、铝合金等金属基复合材料(metal matrix composite,MMC)和碳化硅、氧化铝等陶瓷基复合材料(ceramic matrix composite,CMC)在风扇机匣、低压压气机、高压压气机、高压涡轮、低压涡轮和喷管等发动机部件的应用。通过分析国外航空发动机在树脂基、金属基和陶瓷基复合材料的应用和研发进展,探讨其在提高推重比和耐温性能等方面的优势。同时,还展望未来各类复合材料在航空发动机中的发展方向,包括新型复合材料的研发、制造工艺的优化以及各类复合材料在未来航空发动机中的潜在应用和发展趋势。

Abstract

The application of advanced composite materials in aeroengines has become one of the key technologies for improving engine performance, reducing mass and enhancing fuel efficiency. This article reviews the current status and development of advanced composite materials in foreign aero-turbofan engines,with a focus on the application of polymer composite PMC materials such as epoxy resin and polyimide,metal matrix composite MMC materials such as titanium alloy and aluminum alloy,and ceramic matrix composite (CMC) such as silicon carbide and aluminum oxide in engine components such as fan casings,low-pressure compressors,high-pressure compressors,high-pressure turbines,low-pressure turbines and nozzles. By analyzing the application and research and development progress of foreign aircraft engines in matrix,metal matrix and ceramic matrix composite,this paper explores their advantages in improving thrust to mass ratio and temperature resistance performance. At the same time,this article also looks forward to the future development direction of various composite materials in aeroengines,including the research and development of new composite materials,optimization of manufacturing processes,and potential applications and development trends of various composite materials in future aeroengines.

关键词

先进复合材料 / 航空发动机 / 树脂基复合材料 / 金属基复合材料 / 陶瓷基复合材料

Key words

advanced composite material / aeroengine / polymer matrix composite / metal matrix composite / ceramic matrix composite

引用本文

引用格式 ▾
沈尔明,李晓欣,王刚,陈晓龙,胡鹏. 先进复合材料在国外航空发动机应用与发展[J]. 航空材料学报, 2026, 46(2): 1-12 DOI:10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2025.000041

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