9310齿轮钢热变形行为及工艺参数优化

Hot deformation behavior and process parameter optimization of 9310 gear steel

摘要

通过 9310 齿轮钢在变形温度为 800～1100 ℃、应变速率为 0.001～10 s⁻¹ 条件下的热压缩实验，分析其热变形行为，构建峰值应力下本构关系模型和不同应变下的加工图，并对变形工艺参数进行优化。结果表明，该钢的流动应力随变形温度降低和应变速率升高而明显增加；变形温度较高（900～1100 ℃）且应变速率较低（0.001～0.1 s⁻¹）时，流动应力曲线主要表现流动软化特征。构建的本构关系模型具有较高预测精度，相关系数为 0.998，平均绝对相对误差为 4.724%。根据加工图，获得较佳变形工艺参数范围为变形温度 1010～1100 ℃、应变速率 0.05～1.41 s⁻¹；其中最佳变形工艺参数为变形温度 1070 ℃、应变速率 0.05～1 s⁻¹，主要变形机制为动态再结晶。失稳变形工艺参数范围大致为变形温度 800～925 ℃、应变速率 0.04～10 s⁻¹，主要变形机制为局部流动。通过微观组织验证模拟结果，其与加工图的预测结果吻合良好。

Abstract

The hot deformation behavior of 9310 gear steel is investigated by hot compression test within temperature range from 800 ℃ to 1100 ℃ and strain rate range from 0.001 s⁻¹ to 10 s⁻¹. The peak stress constitutive relation model and processing maps under different strains are constructed and the process parameters are optimized. The results show that the flow stress of 9310 gear steel increases obviously with the decrease of deformation temperature and the increase of strain rate. Under the condition of high temperature (900-1100 ℃) and low strain rate (0.001-0.1 s⁻¹)，the flow stress curve primarily exhibits strain softening characteristics. The constitutive relation model demonstrates high predictive accuracy，with a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.998 and an average absolute relative error of about 4.724%. The obtained better deformation process parameters range from 1010 ℃ to 1100 ℃ and from 0.05 s⁻¹ to 1.41 s⁻¹，among which the optimal process parameters are in the range of deformation temperature 1070 ℃ and strain rate 0.05-1 s⁻¹，corresponding to the main plastic deformation mechanism of dynamic recrystallization. The range of unstable deformation process parameters is approximately 800-925 ℃ and 0.04-10 s⁻¹， where flow localization is the primary plastic deformation mechanism. The microstructure verification results are in good agreement with the prediction and optimization results of the processing map.

关键词

9310 齿轮钢 / 热变形行为 / 加工图 / 工艺参数优化

Key words

9310 gear steel / hot deformation behavior / processing map / process parameter optimization

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