连续纤维增强 SiC 复合材料增材制造技术研究进展

Research progress in additive manufacturing technology of continuous fiber reinforced SiC composites

摘要

连续纤维增强 SiC 复合材料因其轻量化、耐高温和抗腐蚀等优势，在航空航天领域展现出重要应用潜力。连续纤维的引入改善了陶瓷基体的脆性，而增材制造的发展为复杂构件的设计与成形开辟了新思路。增材制造连续纤维增强 SiC 复合材料仍处于发展初期，对该技术的研究进展进行系统总结和分析具有重要意义。本文综述了熔融沉积成形（FDM）、墨水直写（DIW）和纤维自动铺放（AFP）3 类典型工艺的最新进展，并对国内外研究成果进行比较。研究表明：FDM 采用连续纤维丝材表现出较高的成形精度，纤维体积分数存在上限；DIW 受原位浸渍影响导致纤维聚集与界面保护缺失；AFP 采用连续纤维片材具有纤维含量与断裂韧性高的优势，但浸渍不充分。在纤维增强相方面，未来可围绕高性能多系纤维增强相，针对纤维保护与界面调控开展研究。在缺陷控制方面，通过打印策略与陶瓷化工艺协同优化，提高成形精度，最终实现高性能 SiC 复合材料构件的增材制造。

Abstract

Continuous fiber-reinforced SiC composites have shown significant potential in aerospace applications due to their lightweight，high-temperature resistance，and corrosion tolerance. The introduction of continuous fibers improves the brittleness of the ceramic matrix， while additive manufacturing (AM) provides new opportunities for designing and fabricating complex components. Research on additive manufacturing of continuous fiber-reinforced SiC composites is still in its early stage，making a systematic review of recent progress highly valuable. This work summarizes the latest advances in three representative AM techniques：fused deposition modeling (FDM)，direct ink writing (DIW)，and automated fiber placement (AFP)，with a comparative analysis of domestic and international studies. The results indicate that FDM using continuous fiber filaments achieves high forming accuracy but has an upper limit on fiber volume fraction； DIW suffers from fiber aggregation and insufficient interfacial protection due to in-situ infiltration； AFP with continuous fiber sheets offers high fiber content and fracture toughness，though infiltration remains incomplete. Regarding fiber reinforcement， future research should focus on high-performance multi-series fibers， specifically targeting fiber protection and interfacial regulation. In terms of defect control， synergistic optimization of printing strategies and ceramic process parameters will be employed to achieve high forming precision，ultimately enabling the additive manufacturing of high-performance SiC composite components.

关键词

增材制造 / 连续纤维增强 SiC / 陶瓷基复合材料 / 熔融沉积成形 / 墨水直写 / 纤维自动铺放

Key words

additive manufacturing / continuous fiber reinforced SiC / ceramic matrix composites / fused deposition modeling / direct ink writing / automated fiber placement

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(52235008)

国家自然科学基金(52505374)