加强片焊接对 CF/PAEK 热塑性复合材料力学性能测试的影响

Impact of welded tabs on mechanical testing of CF/PAEK thermoplastic composites

摘要

针对连续碳纤维增强热塑性聚芳醚酮树脂（CF/PAEK）复合材料胶接强度差导致含加强片的试样力学性能测试结果易受影响等问题，开展电阻焊接加强片对 0°拉伸以及 0°压缩性能测试结果的影响研究。对焊接过程中温度分布情况以及多组测试结果分析表明，单向试样的热传导会显著影响电阻焊接试样工作段附近加强片的焊接强度，从而使 0°压缩测试结果偏低，但不会影响 0°拉伸试样以及单搭接剪切试样。通过增加保温层阻止边缘散热可改善 0°压缩测试结果，但是电阻焊接导致的两次快速升降温会使加强片内试样结晶度降低，而工作段区域不变，从而导致试样极易在工作段与加强片连接处发生破坏，使压缩强度测试结果仍然低于胶接试样。

Abstract

This article addresses the poor bonding strength of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyaryletherketone resin (CF/PAEK) composites，which makes the mechanical test results of tabbed specimens easily affected. It investigates the effects of resistance-welded reinforcement tabs on the performance test results of 0° tensile and 0° compression specimens. Through analysis of the temperature distribution during the welding process and multiple sets of experimental results，it shows that the heat conduction of unidirectional specimens significantly affects the welding strength of the tabs near the working section of resistance-welded specimens，resulting in lower test results for 0° compression specimens but not for 0° tensile specimens or single-lap shear specimens. Adding an insulation layer to prevent edge heat dissipation improves the test results for 0° compression specimens. However，the two rapid temperature changes caused by resistance welding reduce the crystallinity of the specimens within the tabs without affecting the working section. This often leads to damage at the interface between the working section and the tab，so the compressive strength test results remain lower than those of adhesively bonded specimens.

关键词

电阻焊接 / 加强片 / 边缘散热 / 结晶度 / 力学性能

Key words

resistance welding / tab / edge heat dissipation / crystallinity / mechanical property

参考文献

[1] Arquier R，Iliopoulos I，Régnier G，et al. Consolidation of continuous carbon fiber reinforced PAEK composites：a review[J].Materials Today Communications，2022，32：104036.

[2] 李梦娇，张代军，刘刚，等. 连续纤维增强高性能热塑性复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究进展[J].航空制造技术，2024，67（20）：106-117.

[3] Li M J，Zhang D J，Liu G，et al. Progress of friction and wear properties of continuous fiber reinforced high—performance thermoplastic composites[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology，2024，67（20）：106-117.

[4] Avcı R，Çakıcı U G，Çetinkaya B，et al. Effect of atmospheric plasma treatment and wet blast on adhesion characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced LM—PAEK thermoplastic composites[J].Composites Part B，2024，278：111394.

[5] Huang H Y，Lai S Y，Lee F T，et al. Influence of handheld nonthermal plasma on shear bond strength of polyaryletherketone to resin—matrix cement[J].Journal of Dental Sciences，2024，19（4）：2057-2064.

[6] Morgado M A，Carbas R J C，Marques E A S，et al. Reinforcement of CFRP single lap joints using metal laminates[J].Composite Structures，2019，230：111492.

[7] Dede D Ö，Ercan U K，Küçükekenci A S，et al. Influence of non—thermal plasma systems and two favorable surface treatments on the shear bond strength of PAEKs to composite resin[J].Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology，2022，36（7）：748-761.

[8] 张钱鹏，王二平，谭宗尚. 不同表面处理方式对 PEEK 粘接强度的影响[J].粘接，2020，47（2）：19—21，89.

[9] Zhang Q P，Wang E P，Tan Z S. Effect of different surface treatment on the adhesive strength of PEEK[J].Adhesion，2020，47（2）：19—21，89.

[10] 李卫杰，张伟，李元成，等. 激光处理对 3D 打印聚醚酰亚胺，聚醚醚酮和聚醚醚酮/碳纤维制件胶接性能的影响[J].高分子材料科学与工程，2021，37（12）：75-82.

[11] Li W J，Zhang W，Li Y C，et al. Effect of laser treatment on shear bond strength of 3D—printed polyetherimide，polyether ether ketone and polyether ether ketone/carbon fiber[J].Polymer Materials Science & Engineering，2021，37（12）：75-82.

[12] 张嘉琪，衣颖杰，王睿瑾，等. 不同表面处理方式对 3D 打印聚醚醚酮粘接性能的影响[J].实用口腔医学杂志，2022，38（3）：333-337.

[13] Zhang J Q，Yi Y J，Wang R J，et al. The effect of different surface treatment on the adhesive performance of 3D—printed polyetheretherketone[J].Journal of Practical Stomatology，2022，38（3）：333-337.

[14] Haque M S，Moeed K，Zaka M Z. Laser welding of thermoplastics—a review[J].Materials Today：Proceedings，2022，64：1479-1485.

[15] 王飞云，罗杰帮，张平则，等. 碳纤维感应元件厚度对碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料感应焊接接头力学性能及断裂形式的影响[J].复合材料学报，2023，40（4）：2405-2414.

[16] Wang F Y，Luo J B，Zhang P Z，et al. Effect of thickness of carbon fiber susceptor on mechanical property and fracture mode of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite induction welded joint[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica，2023，40（4）：2405-2414.

[17] 姚鑫，霍红宇，安学锋，等. 碳纤维加热元件的制备及其对热塑性复合材料电阻焊接接头性能的影响[J].复合材料学报，2024，41（6）：2900-2908.

[18] Yao X，Huo H Y，An X F，et al. Preparation of carbon fiber heating elements and their effects on the properties of resistance welding joints in thermoplastic composite materials[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica，2024，41（6）：2900-2908.

[19] Palardy G，Shi H J，Levy A，et al. A study on amplitude transmission in ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic composites[J].Composites Part A，2018，113：339-349.

[20] 叶璐，张代军，李军，等. 碳纤维增强聚芳醚酮热塑性复合材料电阻焊接工艺研究[J].复合材料科学与工程，2024（8）：45-52.

[21] Ye L，Zhang D J，Li J，et al. Research on resistance welding technology of carbon fiber reinforced polyaryl ether ketone thermoplastic composites[J].Composites Science and Engineering，2024（8）：45-52.

[22] Li X K，Zhang T Y，Li S，et al. The effect of cooling rate on resistance—welded CF/PEEK joints[J].Journal of Materials Research and Technology，2021，12：53-62.

[23] ASTM D3039/D3039M—17 Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials[S].

[24] ASTM D6641/D6641M—16e1 Standard test method for compressive properties of polymer matrix composite materials using a combined loading compression (CLC) test fixture[S].

[25] GB/T 7124—2008 胶粘剂拉伸剪切强度的测定（刚性材料对刚性材料）[S].

[26] GB/T 7124 —2008 Adhesives—determination of tensile lap—shear strength of rigid—to—rigid bonded assemblies[S].

[27] HB 7401—2021 航空用聚合物基复合材料吸湿试验方法[S].

[28] HB 7401—2021 Test method for moisture absorption of polymer matrix composites for aviation[S].

[29] Stavrov D，Bersee H E N. Resistance welding of thermoplastic composites—an overview[J].Composites Part A，2005，36（1）：39-54.

[30] Tadini P，Grange N，Chetehouna K，et al. Thermal degradation analysis of innovative PEKK—based carbon composites for high—temperature aeronautical components[J].Aerospace Science and Technology，2017，65：106-116.

[31] Kotzur K，Chadwick A R，Löbbecke M. Moderation of thermoplastic composite crystallinity and mechanical properties through in—situ manufacturing and post—manufacturing tempering：part 2 morphological characterisation[J].Composites Part A，2022，163：107225.

[32] Chadwick A R，Kotzur K，Nowotny S. Moderation of thermoplastic composite crystallinity and mechanical properties through in situ manufacturing and post—manufacturing tempering：part 1 mechanical characterisation[J].Composites Part A，2021，143：106286.

[33] Gao S L，Kim J K. Cooling rate influences in carbon fibre/PEEK composites：part 1 crystallinity and interface adhesion[J].Composites Part A，2000，31（6）：517-530.

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3709400)

稳定支持项目(KZ0C231831)

中国航发集团科技创新平台项目(CXPT-2024-012)