高性能树脂基复合材料耐砂蚀性能研究进展

芈凌佳 ,  徐天宇 ,  李梦娇 ,  彭勃 ,  张代军 ,  范金娟 ,  刘刚 ,  姚佳楠 ,  陈春海

航空材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10) : 31 -44.

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航空材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10) : 31 -44. DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2025.000107

高性能树脂基复合材料耐砂蚀性能研究进展

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Research progress on sand erosion resistance of high-performance composites

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摘要

高性能树脂基复合材料在直升机领域的应用面临严峻的砂蚀问题,直接影响结构完整性与服役寿命,已成为制约其工程推广的关键瓶颈之一。本文系统梳理了树脂基复合材料砂蚀损伤领域的研究进展,首先阐述冲蚀的基本概念及相关理论,明确砂蚀损伤的物理本质与主要失效模式;接着,从材料组成与结构、界面结合强度等内部因素,砂粒特性与冲蚀条件等外部因素,以及温度、湿度等环境因素三个方面,综述影响耐砂蚀性能的关键参数及其作用机制,并对比分析不同试验方法与工况条件下的研究结果差异。在此基础上,总结现有砂蚀试验标准与装置的发展概况,评估各类研究手段的适用性与局限性。最后,基于当前研究不足,提出应围绕多因素耦合作用机制、损伤演化规律与寿命预测模型构建以及新型耐砂蚀材料设计等方向开展深入研究,为高性能树脂基复合材料在直升机结构中的可靠应用提供理论支撑和技术参考。

Abstract

The application of high-performance resin matrix composites in helicopter structures is critically challenged by solid particle erosion (sand erosion),which undermines structural integrity and limits service longevity. This paper systematically reviews recent advances in sand erosion damage of resin matrix composites. The fundamental concepts and theories of erosion are first introduced,clarifying the physical nature and primary failure modes. Key factors governing erosion resistance are then synthesized from three aspects: intrinsic parameters (material formulation, microstructure, and interfacial adhesion), extrinsic parameters (particle kinematics and impingement conditions), and environmental parameters (temperature and humidity). Experimental discrepancies arising from different testing protocols are critically compared. Current erosion testing standards and apparatus are also assessed for their applicability and limitations. Finally,in view of existing research gaps,future efforts are recommended to focus on multi-factor coupling mechanisms,damage evolution kinetics and life prediction modeling,and the design of novel erosion-resistant materials. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and technical reference for the reliable application of high-performance resin matrix composites in helicopter structural components.

关键词

热固性复合材料 / 热塑性复合材料 / 直升机 / 砂蚀 / 冲蚀

Key words

thermosetting composite materials / thermoplastic composite materials / helicopter / sand erosion / erosion

引用本文

引用格式 ▾
芈凌佳,徐天宇,李梦娇,彭勃,张代军,范金娟,刘刚,姚佳楠,陈春海. 高性能树脂基复合材料耐砂蚀性能研究进展[J]. 航空材料学报, 2026, 46(10): 31-44 DOI:10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2025.000107

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