空心叶片铸造用陶瓷型芯的3D打印及各向异性研究进展

Research progress on 3D printing and anisotropy of ceramic cores for hollow blade casting

摘要

3D 打印技术作为一种新兴的成形技术逐渐走向成熟并有望取代传统热压注成型技术，成为目前制造航空涡轮叶片用陶瓷型芯的重要方法。然而，3D 打印制备的陶瓷型芯由于其层状结构与气孔定向排列，导致烧结收缩率及强度等力学性能表现出显著的方向性差异，这种差异性行为严重限制其生产应用，成为目前亟待解决的问题。 本文针对 3D 打印的陶瓷型芯存在的各向异性问题，系统总结各向异性表现形式，揭示其形成机理，明确了其评判标准，并总结出其调控策略。最后，从材料体系创新、工艺优化、综合性能调控、多技术融合与智能化等方面展望未来研究方向，为 3D 打印陶瓷型芯的高性能化与规模化应用提供了理论支撑。

Abstract

As an emerging moulding technology，3D printing has steadily matured and is poised to supplant the traditional hot-press injection moulding technology， emerging as a pivotal approach for manufacturing ceramic cores in aerospace turbine blades. Nevertheless， 3D-printed ceramic cores produced through 3D printing display significant anisotropy in mechanical properties， including sintering shrinkage rate and strength，owing to their layered structure and directionally arranged porosity. This anisotropic characteristic severely impedes their manufacturing potential and application scope，posing a critical challenge that demands urgent resolution. This paper offers a systematic summary of the manifestations of anisotropy in 3D-printed ceramic cores， clarifies the underlying formation mechanisms， formulates evaluation criteria， and puts forward effective control strategies. Additionally， it delineates future research directions， encompassing material system innovation， process optimization， comprehensive property regulation，multi-technology integration，and intelligent manufacturing methods. These endeavors lay a solid theoretical groundwork for promoting the high-performance realization and large-scale application of 3D-printed ceramic cores.

关键词

陶瓷型芯 / 3D 打印技术 / 多层结构 / 各向异性 / 评判标准 / 调控手段

Key words

ceramic core / 3D printing technology / multi-layer structure / anisotropy / evaluation criteria / regulatory mean

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基金资助

陕西省重点研发计划(2024GX-YBXM-398)