钛合金表面激光熔覆铜合金微观组织演化与界面性能

Microstructural evolution and interfacial properties of laser-cladded copper alloy on titanium alloy surfaces

摘要

铜合金熔覆层因优异的导电性、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性等性能，在航空航天等领域具有广阔的应用前景。激光熔覆技术可实现与基体完全冶金结合的高性能熔覆层制备。采用激光熔覆技术在 TC6 钛合金表面制备 KF320 铜合金熔覆层，采用正交实验优化激光熔覆工艺，分析熔覆层及界面结合处的微观组织和硬度分布，并通过坡口拉伸性能测试评估熔覆界面的结合强度。结果表明：当能量输入为 44～60 J/mm 时，制备的钛合金 KF320 铝青铜熔覆层无宏观裂纹，成形致密性良好。熔覆层沿厚度方向呈现“平面晶区+成分过冷区”的双态区域组织，在距熔覆层顶部 100 μm 处，主要由铜相组成，相成分为 AlCu₃ 和 Cu_0.84Al_0.16，随着深度增加，β-Ti 相含量逐渐升高，铜相区域的平均晶粒尺寸约 1.96 µm，β-Ti 相的平均晶粒尺寸约 16.4 µm。在距熔覆界面 10～20 μm 的熔覆层范围内原位形成致密化的 Ti₂Cu 金属间化合物过渡层。沿厚度方向的熔覆层显微硬度范围在 300～375HV 之间，其中在界面附近的硬度最高。拉伸结果表明：熔覆层/基材界面的平均抗拉强度达到 312 MPa，断口形貌显示，断裂发生在界面，未见熔覆层内部或基材内部断裂现象。本工作为激光熔覆铜合金在钛合金基材上的熔覆层应用提供理论依据和技术支持。

Abstract

Copper alloy coatings with excellent electrical conductivity, wear resistance and corrosion resistance have broad application prospects in aerospace and other fields. Laser cladding technology can achieve the preparation of high-performance coatings that are completely metallurgically bonded to the substrate. In this paper, KF320 copper alloy coatings are prepared on the surface of TC6 titanium alloy by laser cladding technology. The laser cladding process is optimized by orthogonal experiments. The microstructure and hardness distribution of the coating and the interface are analyzed, and the bonding strength of the cladding interface is evaluated by butt tensile testing. The results show that when the energy input is 44-60 J/mm, the prepared titanium alloy KF320 aluminum bronze coating is free of macroscopic cracks and has good formation density. The coating presents a dual-state region structure of “planar crystal zone + compositionally supercooled zone” along the thickness direction. At a distance of 100 μm from the top of the coating, it is mainly composed of copper phase, with phase compositions of AlCu₃ and Cu_0.84Al_0.16. With increasing depth, the content of β-Ti phase gradually increases. The average grain size of the copper phase region is about 1.96 µm, and the average grain size of the β-Ti phase is about 16.4 µm. A dense Ti₂Cu intermetallic compound transition layer is formed in situ within 10-20 μm of the cladding interface in the coating. The microhardness of the coating-substrate along the thickness direction ranges from 300HV to 375HV, with the highest hardness near the interface. The tensile test results show that the average tensile strength of the coating interface reaches 312 MPa, and the fracture morphology shows that the fracture occurs at the interface, with no fracture observed in the coating or substrate. This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for the application of laser cladding copper alloy coatings on titanium alloy substrates.

关键词

激光熔覆 / 钛合金 / 铜合金熔覆层 / 微观组织 / 界面性能

Key words

laser cladding / titanium alloy / copper alloy coating / microstructure / interface property

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3702605)

国防基础科研计划(JCKY2022205B020)

国防基础科研计划(JCKY2023206A007)