15SiC_P/2009 铝基复合材料表面微弧放电过程的光谱探测及氧化膜生长机理

Detection of optical emission spectra in microarc discharge process and growth mechanism of oxide films on 15SiC_P/2009 aluminum matrix composite

摘要

在硅酸盐电解液中对 15SiC_P/2009 铝基复合材料进行微弧氧化表面处理，利用光纤光谱仪采集不同电压下微弧放电过程的发射光谱（OES），并评估微弧放电等离子体特征参数随氧化时间的变化规律。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、辉光放电谱仪（GDOES）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）方法分析膜层的形貌、成分和相组成，提出氧化膜生长演变模型。复合材料基体的 Al、Cu、Si、C 和电解液的 H、O、Na、Si 等元素都参与微弧放电过程。微弧放电区等离子体温度范围为 5000～10000 K，电子密度范围为 4.0×10²¹～1.0×10²² m⁻³，达到局部热平衡状态。随电压升高，放电火花增强，电子温度和电子密度有所增加。SiC 增强颗粒阻碍了氧化膜的生长，但是放电区的瞬间高温使得增强体逐渐被氧化、尺寸不断减小，同时也促进微弧氧化膜中 γ-Al₂O₃、α-Al₂O₃ 和莫来石相的形成。

Abstract

The 15SiC_P/2009 aluminum matrix composite is treated by microarc oxidation in silicate electrolyte. Optical emission spectra (OES) in microarc discharge process at different positive voltages are collected by optical fiber spectrometer，and their plasma parameter characteristics at different oxidation time are evaluated. The morphology，composition and phase constituent of oxide films are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)，glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)，and the growth model of oxide film is proposed. Al，Cu，Si，C elements from the composite matrix and H，O，Na，Si elements from the electrolyte participate in the microarc discharge process. The plasma temperature in the microarc discharge channels reaches 5000-10000 K，and the electron density is in range of 4.0×10²¹-1.0×10²² m⁻³，which is a localized thermal equilibrium state. As the applied voltage increases，the discharge sparks are enhanced，meanwhile the electron temperature and density increase. The SiC reinforcement particles hinder the growth of oxide film，but the simultaneous high temperature in the discharge channels results in the oxidation of reinforcement particles and the size of these particles gradually decreases. And the high temperature in the discharge channels also enhances the formation of α-Al ₂O₃，γ-Al₂O₃ and mullite phases in oxide films.

关键词

微弧氧化 / 铝基复合材料 / 发射光谱 / 电子温度 / 氧化膜生长

Key words

microarc oxidation / aluminum matrix composite / optical emission spectra / electron temperature / oxide film growth

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(12105017)

国防科技工业核材料创新中心(ICNM-2020-YZ-04)