选择性激光烧结技术用酚酞基聚芳醚酮复合粉体的制备及性能

Preparation and properties of phenolphthalein-based polyaryletherketone composite powders for selective laser sintering

摘要

针对传统减材制造技术加工结构功能一体化材料存在的损耗大、限制多、难以实现一体化成形等问题，开展匹配增材制造技术的新型结构功能一体化材料制备及性能研究。采用溶液法制备羰基铁粉（CIP）/酚酞基聚芳醚酮（PEK-C）复合粉体（CIP/PEK-C），采用 SEM 观察复合粉体的表面形貌特征，采用粉末流变仪分析复合粉体的流动特性，通过 DSC 研究复合粉体的熔融及结晶温度节点，表征复合粉体选择性激光烧结（selective laser sintering，SLS）成形件的热导率及反射率。结果表明：采用溶液法制备的复合粉体流动性与 PEK-C 含量有关，其中 PEK-C 质量分数为 20% 的实验组豪斯纳系数为 1.24，休止角为 41.3°，基本满足 SLS 成形工艺基本要求。复合粉体的烧结温度窗口为 170～200 ℃，SLS 烧结件具有一定热传导及电磁吸收能力，且 PEK-C 质量分数越小，热传导及电磁吸收效果越好，其中 PEK-C 质量分数为 20% 的实验组热导率为 1.02 W/（m·K），8～18 GHz 频段范围内的平均反射率接近−10 dB。CIP/PEK-C 复合粉体在具备一定电热功能的同时能够适配 SLS 增材制造技术，为结构吸波材料的加工成形提供新的思路。

Abstract

Due to the problems of high material waste, numerous constraints and difficulty in achieving integrated forming in the processing of structural and microwave-absorbing integrated materials using traditional subtractive manufacturing technologies, this study focuses on the preparation and performance research of new structural and microwave-absorbing materials that could match additive manufacturing technologies. Composite powders (CIP/PEK-C) of carbonyl iron powder (CIP) phenolphthalein-based polyaryletherketone (PEK-C) are prepared by solution method. SEM is used to observe the surface characteristics of composite powders, while a rotational powder analyzer (RPA) is employed to analyze flow properties. DSC is applied to study the melting and crystallization temperature of composite powders. Additionally, the thermal conductivity and reflectivity of samples molded by selective laser sintering (SLS) are characterized. The results show that the flowability of the composite powders prepared by the solution method is related to the PEK-C content. Specifically, the Hausner ratio of the PEK-C 20% (mass fraction) experimental group is 1.24, and avalanche angle is 41.3°, which basically meets the basic requirements of SLS. The sintering temperature window of composite powders is in the range of 170-200 ℃. The SLS sintered parts exhibit certain thermal conduction and electromagnetic absorption capabilities, and the smaller the mass fraction of PEK-C, the better the thermal conduction and electromagnetic absorption effects. Among them, the thermal conductivity of the PEK-C 20% (mass fraction) experimental group is 1.02 W/(m·K), and the average reflectivity in the 8-18 GHz frequency band is close to −10 dB. CIP/PEK-C composite powder not only possesses a certain electrothermal function but also is compatible with SLS, thereby providing a new approach for the processing and forming of structural microwave-absorbing materials.

关键词

酚酞基聚芳醚酮 / 羰基铁粉 / 热导率 / 反射率 / 选择性激光烧结 / 航空电子系统

Key words

PEK-C / CIP / thermal conductivity / reflectivity / selective laser sintering / avionics system

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基金资助

重点实验室稳定支持专题项目(JCKY2020213006)