TiB₂/Ti₂AlC 多相协同增强 TiAl 基复合材料组织调控与强韧化机制

Microstructure regulation and strengthening-toughening mechanism of TiAl matrix composites synergistically reinforced by TiB₂/Ti₂AlC multiphases

摘要

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备 TiB₂ 与 Ti₂AlC 协同增强的 Ti48Al2Cr2Nb-0.5GO-xTiB₂（x 为质量分数/%）复合材料，研究 TiB₂ 含量对复合材料微观组织结构演变及其在室温与高温下力学性能的影响规律。结果表明，TiB₂ 的引入显著细化片层团尺寸，并促进基体组织由全片层向双态组织转变，有效改善材料的微观结构均匀性。TiB₂ 含量为 0.3% 时，综合力学性能最好，室温抗压强度与压缩应变分别达到 1870 MPa 和 27.5%；TiB₂ 含量为 0.2% 时，850 ℃高温抗拉强度约为 500 MPa，较基体合金提高 32.5%。微观力学分析表明，性能的改善主要源于 TiB₂ 与 Ti₂AlC 共同作用所实现的细晶强化与第二相强化效应；在变形过程中，增强相通过诱发微裂纹偏转、界面脱粘以及应力再分配等机制，协同调控塑性变形行为与断裂过程，从而提升材料的强塑性匹配。

Abstract

Ti48Al2Cr2Nb-0.5GO-xTiB₂ (x is mass fraction/%) composites synergistically reinforced by TiB₂ and Ti₂AlC are fabricated via spark plasma sintering. The effects of TiB₂ content on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the composites at room and high temperatures are systematically investigated. The results reveal that the addition of TiB₂ significantly refines the lamellar colony size and promotes the transformation of the matrix microstructure from fully lamellar to duplex microstructure，which effectively improves the microstructural homogeneity of the material. The composite with 0.3%TiB₂ exhibits optimal comprehensive mechanical properties，with a compressive strength of 1870 MPa and compressive strain of 27.5% at room temperature， respectively. When the TiB₂ content is 0.2%， the high-temperature tensile strength at 850 ℃ is approximately 500 MPa， representing a 32.5% improvement compared with the base alloy. Micromechanical analysis demonstrates that the enhanced performance mainly originates from grain refinement strengthening and second-phase strengthening jointly induced by TiB₂ and Ti₂AlC. During deformation， the reinforcing phases cooperatively regulate plastic deformation behavior and fracture processes through mechanisms including microcrack deflection，interfacial debonding，and stress redistribution，thus optimizing the strength-ductility balance of the material.

关键词

放电等离子烧结 / TiAl 复合材料 / 颗粒增强 / 强韧化机制

Key words

spark plasma sintering / TiAl composite / particle reinforcement / strengthening-toughening mechanism

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基金资助

河南省重点研发专项(251111231400)

河南省自然科学基金(252300420066)

河南省国际科技合作项目(252102520046)

陕西省重大研发计划(2025CY-JJQ-18)

中国博士后基金(2024MD753996)

材料成形与模具技术全国重点实验室开放基金(P2024-017)