钎焊间隙对K465高温合金接头微观组织与拉伸性能的影响

Effect of brazing gap on microstructures and tensile properties of K465 superalloy joint

摘要

为了提高K465高温合金叶片服役裂纹钎焊修复接头的高温性能，采用新型Co-Cr-Ni-W-Al-Ti-Ta-B钎料，在1220 ℃/15 min条件下分别对0.05 mm和0.2 mm两种间隙K465高温合金钎焊连接进行研究，分析两种接头微观组织、元素分布规律和高温拉伸性能。结果表明，钎料对母材有优异的冶金相容性，钎焊过程中发生明显元素互扩散。0.05 mm间隙接头由γ′相弥散分布的γ/γ′双相基体和(W，Cr)B、富Ti硼化物、NiAl等化合物相组成；对于0.2 mm间隙接头，由于引入高温合金粉末填充材料，化合物相弥散分布、尺寸细化，但相种类未发生改变。两种间隙接头1000 ℃高温拉伸性能相当，0.05 mm和0.2 mm间隙钎焊接头抗拉强度分别为383 MPa和396 MPa，约为K465合金母材的70%。由于钎料与母材之间良好的冶金相容性以及B2有序NiAl相的强化作用，两种间隙钎焊接头均表现出优异的高温拉伸性能。

Abstract

To improve the high-temperature performance of brazed repair joints for service cracks in K465 superalloy blades, a novel Co-Cr-Ni-W-Al-Ti-Ta-B brazing filler metal is employed to braze K465 superalloy with gap widths of 0.05 mm and 0.2 mm under the condition of 1220 ℃/15 min. The microstructure, elemental distribution, and high-temperature tensile properties of two joints are analyzed. The results show that the brazing filler metal exhibits excellent metallurgical compatibility with the base metal, with significant interdiffusion of elements occurring during the brazing process. The joint with a 0.05 mm gap consists of a γ/γ′ dual phase matrix with dispersed γ′ phase, as well as compound phases including (W, Cr)B, Ti-rich boride, and NiAl. For the joint with a 0.2 mm gap, the introduction of superalloy powder as a filler material results in dispersed and refined compound phases, while the phase types remain unchanged. The high-temperature tensile properties at 1000 ℃ of two joints are comparable: the tensile strength of the 0.05 mm and 0.2 mm gap joint is 383 MPa and 396 MPa, respectively, reaching approximately 70% of the K465 base metal. Due to the favorable metallurgical compatibility between the brazing filler metal and the base metal, as well as the strengthening effect of the B2-ordered NiAl phase, two kinds of brazed joints exhibit excellent high-temperature tensile properties.

关键词

K465高温合金 / 钎焊修复 / 钎焊间隙 / 接头微观组织 / 高温抗拉强度

Key words

K465 superalloy / brazing repair / brazing gap / joint microstructure / high-temperature tensile strength

参考文献

[1] 中国金属学会高温材料分会. 中国高温合金手册（下卷）[M]. 北京：中国标准出版社，2012.

[2] High Temperature Materials Division, China Society for Metals. China superalloys handbook (Vol. 2)[M]. Beijing: Standards Press of China,2012.

[3] 李鹏涛，左洪福，肖文，等 . 航空发动机叶片损伤及其修复技术研究与展望[J].航空学报，2024，45（15）：132-159.

[4] LI P T, ZUO H F, XIAO W, et al. Research and prospect of aero engine blade damage and its repair technology[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(15): 132-159.

[5] 李金祺，高振桓，王天剑，等 . 大间隙钎焊在燃气轮机热端部件修复领域的应用和发展[J].特种铸造及有色合金，2021，41（2）：246-250.

[6] LI J Q, GAO Z H, WANG T J, et al. Application and progress in wide gap braze repair of gas turbine vanes[J].Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys, 2021, 41(2): 246-250.

[7] 王志成，秦海龙，周海晶，等 . 高温合金涡轮叶片损伤修复技术研究进展[J].钢铁研究学报，2025，37（3）：269-282.

[8] WANG Z C, QIN H L, ZHOU H J, et al. Research progress on service damage repair technology of superalloy turbine blades[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2025, 37(3): 269-282.

[9] 秦仁耀，曲致奇，陈冰清，等 . 航空发动机单晶高温合金涡轮转子叶片增材修复技术研究进展[J].材料工程，2024，52（12）：1-14.

[10] QIN R Y, QU Z Q, CHEN B Q, et al. Research progress in additive manufacturing for repair technology of single crystal superalloy turbine rotor blades for aero-engine[J].Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(12): 1-14.

[11] LIU D J, LIPPOLD J C, LI J, et al. Laser engineered net shape (LENS) technology for the repair of Ni-base superalloy turbine components[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2014, 45(10): 4454-4469.

[12] 李小强，程准，邱昊，等 . 镍基高温合金焊接修复技术的研究进展[J].材料导报，2017，31（增刊 1）：541-545.

[13] LI X Q, CHENG Z, QIU H, et al. Research progress on welding repair technology of nickel-based superalloy[J].Materials Reports, 2017, 31(Suppl 1): 541-545.

[14] 张高，刘梅军，韩嘉琪，等 . 压气机整体叶盘修复再制造的研究进展[J].航空材料学报，2024，44（3）：65-81.

[15] ZHANG G, LIU M J, HAN J Q, et al. Research progress in repair and remanufacture of compressor blisk[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2024, 44(3): 65-81.

[16] HUANG X, MIGLIETTI W . Wide gap braze repair of gas turbine blades and vanes: a review[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2012, 134: 010801.

[17] 卓义民，陈远航，杨春利. 航空发动机叶片焊接修复技术的研究现状及展望[J].航空制造技术，2021，64（8）：22-28.

[18] ZHUO Y M, CHEN Y H, YANG C L . Research status and prospect of welding repair technology for aero-engine blades[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2021, 64(8): 22-28.

[19] FARZADI A, ESMAEILI H, MIRSALEHI S E . Transient liquid phase bonding of Inconel 617 superalloy: effect of filler metal type and bonding time[J].Welding in the World, 2019, 63(1): 191-200.

[20] REKER D W, SOWA R, SCHWALBE C, et al. Novel alloying strategy to improve brazing properties on nickel-based superalloys for aircrafts turbine application[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2025, 147(8): 081003.

[21] 张学军. 航空钎焊技术[M]. 北京：航空工业出版社，2008.

[22] ZHANG X J . Aviation brazing technology[M]. Beijing:Aviation Industry Press, 2008.

[23] YAN G X, BHOWMIK A, NAGARAJAN B, et al. Post-bond heat treatment effects on the wide gap transient liquid phase bonding of Inconel 718 with BNi-2 paste filler metal[J].Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2019, 766: 138267.

[24] HAWK C, LIU S, KOTTILINGAM S . Effect of processing parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of wide-gap braze repairs on nickel-superalloy René 108[J].Welding in the World, 2017, 61(2): 391-404.

[25] PARKS C M, KUIPERS J, PHILLION A B . Effect of time and temperature on the microstructural evolution of wide-gap brazed MAR-M247 nickel superalloy using BNi-9 braze alloy[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2024, 55(11): 4408-4422.

[26] 王浩，吴欣，程耀永，等 . K480镍基高温合金钎焊接头组织与性能[J].焊接，2022（4）：37-42.

[27] WANG H, WU X, CHENG Y Y, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of K480 nickel-based superalloy brazed joint[J].Welding & Joining, 2022(4): 37-42.

[28] 潘晖，赵海生. 镍基钎料钎焊K465高温合金大间隙接头组织与性能研究[J].材料工程，2017，45（5）：86-93.

[29] PAN H, ZHAO H S . Research on microstructure and mechanical properties of wide-gap brazed joints of K465 superalloy using nickel-base brazing filler metal[J].Journal of Materials Engineering, 2017, 45(5): 86-93.

[30] 潘晖，赵海生. 钴基钎料钎焊K465合金大间隙接头组织与性能[J].航空材料学报，2017，37（3）：50-55.

[31] PAN H, ZHAO H S . Microstructure and mechanical properties of wide-gap brazed joints of K465 alloy using cobalt-base brazing alloy[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2017, 37(3): 50-55.

[32] 梁海，毛唯，孙计生. K465铸造高温合金高温钎焊接头的显微组织[J].材料工程，2005（9）：7-10.

[33] LIANG H, MAO W, SUN J S . Microstructures of high temperature brazed joints of cast superalloy K465[J].Journal of Materials Engineering, 2005(9): 7-10.

[34] 王刚. K465镍基合金叶片电子束钎焊修复及裂纹控制研究[D]. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2010.

[35] WANG G . Investigation on the electron beam brazing repair of K465 Ni-base superalloy blades and the crack control technology[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2010.

[36] 李思思，静永娟，程耀永，等 . K465镍基铸造高温合金钎焊及其在修复中的应用[J].电焊机，2020，50（11）：37-42.

[37] LI S S, JING Y J, CHENG Y Y, et al. Brazing of casted K465 nickel-based superalloy and the related applications for repair[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2020, 50(11): 37-42.

[38] LIU Y C, PAN H, ZHAO H S, et al. The microstructures and mechanical properties of K465 superalloy joints, brazed with different clearances[J].Welding in the World, 2016, 60(1): 93-98.

[39] 韩峰，王斌，孔庆吉，等 . K465合金及K465与GH3039异种合金的钎焊[J].焊接技术，2011，40（5）：26-29.

[40] HAN F, WANG B, KONG Q J, et al. Brazing of K465 alloy K465 and GH3039 dissimilar alloy[J].Welding Technology, 2011, 40(5): 26-29.

[41] 毛唯，周媛，叶雷，等 . 不同钎料钎焊K465高温合金接头的组织和性能[J].电焊机，2008，38（9）：65-68.

[42] MAO W, ZHOU Y, YE L, et al. Microstructures and properties of K465 superalloy joints brazed with different filler metals[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2008, 38(9): 65-68.

[43] 李文文，李思思，陈波，等 . Ni₃Al基高温合金IC10钎焊接头组织及性能[J].材料工程，2024，52（12）：37-43.

[44] LI W W, LI S S, CHEN B, et al. Microstructure and property of Ni ₃Al-based superalloy IC10 brazed joint[J].Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(12): 37-43.

[45] GHASEMI A, POURANVARI M . Intermetallic phase formation during brazing of a nickel alloy using a Ni-Cr-Si-Fe-B quinary filler alloy[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2019, 24(4): 342-351.

[46] 何鹏，李海新，林铁松，等 . TiAl基合金与Ni基合金钎焊连接接头界面组织及性能[J].稀有金属材料与工程，2013，42（11）：2248-2252.

[47] HE P, LI H X, LIN T S, et al. Interfacial microstructure and properties of brazing joints of TiAl/Ni-based alloy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2013, 42(11): 2248-2252.

[48] WANG F, SONG M, ELKOT M N, et al. Shearing brittle intermetallics enhances cryogenic strength and ductility of steels[J].Science, 2024, 384(6699): 1017-1022.

[49] RAYNOR D, SILCOCK J M . Strengthening mechanisms in γ′ precipitating alloys[J].Metal Science, 1970, 4(1): 121-130.

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(52201050)