三种镍基粉末高温合金的抗氧化性能

Oxidation resistance of three Ni-based powder metallurgy superalloys

摘要

在 FGH4095 和 FGH4096 合金基础上，采用恒温氧化实验进一步研究 FGH4097、FGH4099 和新型镍基粉末高温合金 FGHXX 750～1100 ℃的抗氧化性能。结果表明，FGH4097 合金 750～1100 ℃均未发生内氧化现象，氧化层主要成分为 Al₂O₃，氧化层厚度较薄且增长缓慢，即使在 1100 ℃氧化后也仅为 10 μm。FGH4099 和 FGHXX 在 900 ℃以上氧化层出现明显分层现象，氧化层厚度随着氧化温度升高持续增加，1100 ℃时受氧化层脱落影响，厚度有所降低。FGH4099 和 FGHXX 内氧化层主要成分均为 Al₂O₃，900 ℃和 1000 ℃氧化后 FGH4099 合金外氧化层主要成分有 Cr₂O₃、TiO₂、Ta₂O₅ 和 Nb₂O₅，FGHXX 外氧化层主要成分有 Cr₂O₃、TiO₂ 和 Ta₂O₅，1100 ℃氧化后两种合金外氧化层主要成分为尖晶石相（Ni，Co）Cr₂O₄ 和 Cr₂O₃。由于受到合金 Al 含量的影响，5 种镍基粉末高温合金的氧化层组成和形貌不同，抗氧化性能由高到低依次为 FGH4097>FGHXX≈FGH4099>FGH4095>FGH4096，该研究结果为航空发动机涡轮盘等部件选材提供理论和实践基础。

Abstract

The oxidation resistance of FGH4097, FGH4099, and a new Ni-based powder metallurgy (PM) superalloy FGHXX at 750-1100 ℃ is investigated by isothermal oxidation tests on the basis of FGH4095 and FGH4096 superalloys. Results show that the oxide layer of FGH4097 superalloy, mainly consist of Al₂O₃, become denser modestly with temperature rising without internal oxidation. Even after heating at 1100 ℃ for 200 h, the oxide layer is approximately only 10 μm. While the thickness of FGH4099 and FGHXX increase with temperature rising, but decrease at 1100 ℃ because of the oxide layer spallation. The surface of FGH4099 and FGHXX become layered above 900 ℃, which the inner side of both superalloys is Al₂O₃, and the outer side of FGH4099 superalloy is mainly Cr₂O₃, TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, and Nb₂O₅, and that of FGHXX is mainly Cr₂O₃, TiO₂, and Ta₂O₅ at 900 ℃ and 1000 ℃. While the outer side of both superalloys is comprised of (Ni, Co)Cr₂O₄ and Cr₂O₃ at 1100 ℃. The difference of oxide layer constitution and morphology comes from Al content discrepancy in five Ni-based PM superalloys. Therefore, the oxidation resistance from highest to lowest of the above five Ni-based PM superalloys is FGH4097>FGHXX≈FGH4099>FGH4095>FGH4096, which lays the theoretical and practical foundation to the material selection of components such as aero-engine turbine discs.

关键词

镍基粉末高温合金 / 恒温氧化 / 抗氧化性能 / 氧化动力学

Key words

Ni-based powder metallurgy superalloy / isothermal oxidation / oxidation resistance / oxidation kinetics

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