红外透波材料高温动态光学性能测试方法研究进展

Research progress on optical property test technologies of infrared materials under high-temperature and dynamic conditions

摘要

随着红外技术在高超声速飞行器、红外制导及空间探测等领域的发展，红外窗口材料在高温服役环境下的光学性能测试问题日益突出。传统测试方法主要适用于低温、窄波段和静态条件，难以反映材料高温动态光学行为。本文系统梳理透过率、折射率、发射率和吸收系数等关键光学参数在高温动态条件下的测试原理与方法，重点分析傅里叶变换红外光谱技术、双光束分光光度技术、V 棱镜法、最小偏向角法、Etalon 法和激光量热法的应用特点及适用范围，总结国内外研究进展，比较不同方法在测试精度、温度范围和实验条件等方面的优缺点。现有研究仍存在高温动态测试标准不统一、通用测试设备不足、测试温度和波段范围受限、服役环境模拟能力不足以及增透保护薄膜研究薄弱等问题。针对上述问题，提出高温动态连续测试、多波段宽谱测试、增透保护薄膜高温光学性能测试和模拟服役环境测试等发展方向。

Abstract

With the development of infrared technologies in the fields such as hypersonic vehicles，infrared guidance，and space exploration，the evaluation of optical properties of infrared window materials under high-temperature service conditions has become increasingly important. Conventional testing methods are mainly applicable to low-temperature，narrow-band，and static conditions，and therefore can’t adequately reveal the high-temperature dynamic optical behavior of these materials. This paper systematically reviews the testing principles and methods for key optical parameters，including transmittance，refractive index，emissivity，and absorption coefficient，under high-temperature dynamic conditions. Particular attention is given to the application characteristics and applicable ranges of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy，double-beam spectrophotometry，the V-prism method，the minimum deviation angle method，the Etalon method，and laser calorimetry. Recent research progress is summarized，and the advantages and limitations of different methods are compared in terms of testing accuracy，temperature range，and experimental conditions. Existing studies still face several challenges， including the lack of unified standards for high-temperature dynamic testing， insufficient availability of general-purpose testing equipment， limited testing temperature and spectral ranges， inadequate capability for simulating service environments，and insufficient research on antireflective protective films. In response to these issues，future development directions are proposed，including high-temperature dynamic continuous testing，multi-band broadband testing，high-temperature optical performance testing of antireflective protective films，and testing under simulated service environments.

关键词

红外窗口材料 / 光学性能 / 高温动态测试方法 / 透过率 / 折射率 / 发射率 / 吸收系数

Key words

infrared window materials / optical property / high-temperature dynamic testing method / transmittance / refractive index / emissivity / absorption coefficient

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基金资助

新材料平台揭榜挂帅项目(ZCGSTM2401)