国内航空发动机用树脂基复合材料及应用现状

Domestic current status of polymer-matrix composite for aero-engines and application

摘要

先进航空发动机性能的提升对整机结构轻量化提出更高要求，树脂基复合材料是实现航空发动机轻量化的关键材料之一。近年来，北京航空材料研究院聚焦航空发动机冷端部件应用的需求，系统研发了航空发动机高韧性环氧树脂、耐高温高韧性双马树脂、耐高温聚酰亚胺树脂以及高韧性热塑性树脂基复合材料。本文在总结国外航空发动机用树脂基复合材料进展概况、航空发动机发展对树脂基复合材料的要求的基础上，以北京航空材料研究院相关研制进展为代表，介绍国内航空发动机用树脂基复合材料研发和应用方面的主要进展，并提出航空发动机用树脂基复合材料未来发展趋势和重点。总体来讲，国内航空发动机用树脂基复合材料在耐高温性能、抗冲击性能、结构功能一体化、整体制造技术等方面取得突破，并实现在航空发动机风扇叶片、包容机匣、外涵机匣等的批量应用。面向未来航空发动机需求，树脂基复合材料将向耐高温化、高韧化、结构整体化、工艺自动化与智能化、全寿命周期低成本化等方向不断聚焦。

Abstract

Performance enhancement of advanced aero-engines sets a higher requirement for their overall structural lightweighting. Polymer-matrix composite (PMC) are one of the key materials to achieve aeroengine lightweighting. In recent years，focusing on the aero-engine cold-section parts， AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (BIAM) has systematically developed PMCs of high-toughness epoxy， high-temperature and high-toughness bismaleimide， high-temperature polyimide and high-toughness thermoplastic resins. This article introduces the foreign profile of PMCs for aero-engines and the demands of aeroengines for PMCs. Then， taking BIAM as the representative， domestic current status of PMCs for aero-engines and application are introduced. PMC development trend and emphasis for aero-engines are proposed. Overall，domestic PMC for aero-engines have made breakthrough in such aspects as high-temperature resistance，impact resistance，structure/function integration and integral fabrication technology，and have achieved batch application in such parts as fan blades， containment casings and outer ducts. For the needs of future aero-engines， PMC would focus more and more on the directions including thermal resistance enhancement， toughness improvement， structure integration，processing automation and intelligentization，full-life cost minimization.

关键词

航空发动机 / 结构轻量化 / 树脂基复合材料 / 热固性树脂 / 热塑性树脂

Key words

aero-engine / structural lightweighting / polymer-matrix composite (PMC) / thermosetting resin / thermoplastic resin

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基金资助

国家科技重大专项(2017-Ⅷ-0011)

国家科技重大专项(J2019-Ⅵ-0013)