BCo-1钎料钎焊不同间隙K417G合金的接头组织和力学性能

Microstructure and mechanical properties of K417G alloy joints using BCo-1filler with various gap widths

摘要

K417G合金广泛应用于航空发动机涡轮叶片制造，针对叶片长期服役后产生的裂纹等损伤，常采用钎焊方法进行修复。分别设计0.05 mm和0.2 mm（0.2 mm间隙内预置高温合金粉末）两种间隙K417G合金模拟不同宽度裂纹形式，采用BCo-1钴基钎料在1160 ℃不同保温时间条件下开展真空钎焊实验研究，通过扫描电子显微镜对接头微观组织和界面演变规律进行分析，并利用万能试验机测试接头高温拉伸性能。结果表明，BCo-1钎料可实现K417G合金的良好冶金连接，接头区域未见气孔、未焊合等缺陷，接头物相主要包括γ+γ′相，（Cr，Mo）₃B₂硼化物和（Ni，Co）₅Si₃硅化物等。随着保温时间的延长，0.05 mm小间隙接头内化合物相的形态分布发生明显变化，化合物相含量呈现先增加后减少趋势；0.2 mm大间隙接头内高温合金粉末颗粒和化合物相逐渐粗化长大。保温时间对0.05 mm小间隙接头的高温性能影响较小，接头950 ℃平均抗拉强度为298 MPa；但延长保温时间会导致0.2 mm大间隙接头的性能下降，1160 ℃保温15 min性能最佳，950 ℃平均抗拉强度达到460 MPa。

Abstract

K417G alloy finds extensive application in the fabrication of aero-engine turbine blades. To tackle damage，such as cracks that emerge after prolonged service，brazing is a commonly adopted repair method. In this research，two gap sizes，namely 0.05 mm and 0.2 mm，are deliberately designed to mimic cracks of varying widths in the K417G alloy. Vacuum brazing experiments are carried out using BCo-1 cobalt-based filler metal at 1160 ℃ with different holding times. The microstructure and interfacial evolution of the joints are thoroughly analyzed via scanning electron microscopy，and their high-temperature tensile properties are tested on universal testing machine. The results reveal that the BCo-1 filler metal can establish a high-quality metallurgical bond with the K417G alloy. No defects，including pores or unbonded area，are detected in the joint area. The joint phases primarily comprise γ + γ′ phases，Cr-Mo-rich boride phase，and silicide phases. As the holding time is extended，the morphology of the compound phases in the 0.05 mm narrow-gap joint undergoes significant changes，and their content exhibits a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. In the 0.2 mm wide-gap joint，the superalloy powder particles and compound phases gradually coarsen. The holding time has a relatively minor impact on the high-temperature performance of the 0.05 mm narrow-gap joint，which demonstrates tensile strength of 298 MPa at 950 ℃. In contrast，an extended holding time leads to deterioration in the performance of the 0.2 mm wide-gap joint. The optimal properties，with tensile strength of 460 MPa at 950 ℃，are achieved under the parameter set of 1160 ℃ for 15 min holding time.

关键词

K417G合金 / 钎焊间隙 / 保温时间 / 微观组织 / 高温性能

Key words

K417G alloy / brazing gap / holding time / microstructure / high-temperature properties

参考文献

[1] 《中国航空材料手册》编辑委员会 . 中国航空材料手册：第2卷 变形高温合金 铸造高温合金[M]. 第2版.北京：中国标准出版社，2002.

[2] Reker D W，Sowa R，Schwalbe C，et al. Novel alloying strategy to improve brazing properties on nickel—based superalloys for aircrafts turbine application[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power，2025，147（8）：081003.

[3] 秦仁耀，曲致奇，陈冰清，等 . 航空发动机单晶高温合金涡轮转子叶片增材修复技术研究进展[J].材料工程，2024，52（12）：1-14.

[4] Qin R Y，Qu Z Q，Chen B Q，et al. Research progress in additive manufacturing for repair technology of single crystal superalloy turbine rotor blades for aero—engine[J].Journal of Materials Engineering，2024，52（12）：1-14.

[5] 李小强，程准，邱昊，等 . 镍基高温合金焊接修复技术的研究进展[J].材料导报，2017，31（增1）：541-545.

[6] Li X Q，Cheng Z，Qiu H，et al. Research Progress in repair welding technology of Ni—based superalloys[J].Materials Reports，2017，31（S1）：541-545.

[7] 卓义民，陈远航，杨春利 . 航空发动机叶片焊接修复技术的研究现状及展望[J].航空制造技术，2021，64（8）：22-28.

[8] Zhuo Y M，Chen Y H，Yang C L. Research status and prospect of welding repair technology for aero—engine blades[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology，2021，64（8）：22-28.

[9] Huang X，Miglietti W. Wide gap braze repair of gas turbine blades and vanes：a review[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power，2012，134：010801.

[10] Parks C M，Kuipers J，Phillion A B. Effect of time and temperature on the microstructural evolution of wide—gap brazed MAR—M247 nickel superalloy using BNi—9 braze alloy[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A，2024，55（11）：4408-4422.

[11] 李思思，李文文，陈波，等 . K417G合金大间隙钎焊接头组织与力学性能[J].失效分析与预防，2025，20（5）：410-415.

[12] Li S S，Li W W，Chen B，et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of wide—gap brazed joint of K417G alloy[J].Failure Analysis and Prevention，2025，20（5）：410-415.

[13] 王志成，秦海龙，周海晶，等 . 高温合金涡轮叶片损伤修复技术研究进展[J].钢铁研究学报，2025，37（3）：269-282.

[14] Wang Z C，Qin H L，Zhou H J，et al. Research progress on service damage repair technology of superalloy turbine blades[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research，2025，37（3）：269-282.

[15] 冯洪亮，陈波，任海水，等 . 钎焊热循环对DD6单晶合金微观组织的影响[J].航空材料学报，2021，41（6）：51-58.

[16] Feng H L，Chen B，Ren H S，et al. Effect of brazing thermal cycles on microstructure of single crystal alloy DD6[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials，2021，41（6）：51-58.

[17] 李鹏涛，左洪福，肖文，等 . 航空发动机叶片损伤及其修复技术研究与展望[J].航空学报，2024，45（15）：029635.

[18] Li P T，Zuo H F，Xiao W，et al. Research and prospect of aero engine blade damage and its repair technology[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica，2024，45（15）：029635.

[19] 尚泳来，陈波，贾崇林，等 . DD5与GH3039高温合金钎焊接头的微观组织与力学性能研究[J].航空制造技术，2023，66（11）：78-83.

[20] Shang Y L，Chen B，Jia C L，et al. Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of brazed joint of DD5 single crystal superalloy and GH3039 superalloy[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology，2023，66（11）：78-83.

[21] 王浩，吴欣，程耀永，等 . K480镍基高温合金钎焊接头组织与性能[J].焊接，2022（4）：37-42.

[22] Wang H，Wu X，Cheng Y Y，et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of K480 nickel—based superalloy brazed joint[J].Welding & Joining，2022（4）：37-42.

[23] 程准，李小强，屈盛官，等 . K417G高温合金大间隙钎焊的组织演变与性能研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程，2021，50（9）：3262-3269.

[24] Cheng Z，Li X Q，Qu S G，et al. Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of wide gap brazing of K417G superalloy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering，2021，50（9）：3262-3269.

[25] 李菊，张胜，贺建超，等 . K417G合金粉末冶金修复接头组织与力学性能分析[J].焊接学报，2018，39（2）：115-118.

[26] Li J，Zhang S，He J C，et al. Study on the microstructure & mechanical properties of K417G alloy repaired by powder metallurgy technique[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution，2018，39（2）：115-118.

[27] Cheng Z，Lai X，He J，et al. Microstructural investigation and high—temperature oxidation performance of K417G alloy prepared by wide—gap brazing[J].Crystals，2025，15（5）：434.

[28] 周标，王浩，任新宇，等 . 采用BNi—5钎料钎焊K417G高温合金的界面组织和力学性能[J].焊接，2023（12）：12-16.

[29] Zhou B，Wang H，Ren X Y，et al. Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of K417G superalloy brazed with BNi—5 brazing filler metal[J].Welding & Joining，2023（12）：12-16.

[30] Ren X Y，Wang H，Li W W，et al. Effect of holding time on interfacial evolution and mechanical strength of wide—gap brazed K417G superalloy joints[J].Welding in the World，2024，68（12）：3079-3084.

[31] Li X Q，Cheng Z，Qu S G，et al. Effect of filler metal on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of wide gap brazed K417G superalloy joints[J].Vacuum，2021，184：109967.

[32] Cheng Z，Li X Q，Wang B，et al. M₃B₂—type borides effect on the wide gap brazing of K417G alloy with mixed powder[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds，2020，821：153431.

[33] Fadaei S，Mofid M A，Barazandeh R，et al. Microstructural features and joint performance of NIMONIC 105 superalloy brazed joints created via different interlayers[J].Metallography，Microstructure，and Analysis，2025，14（2）：287-296.

[34] Ren X Y，Xiong H P，Kang Y W，et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of vacuum brazed NbSS/Nb₅Si₃ composite joints using Ni—based filler alloys[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A，2019，50（11）：5181-5190.

[35] 杨斯楠，刘岩，丁坤英，等 . Hastelloy X高温合金活性扩散钎焊接头的微观结构[J].焊接，2019（12）：22-26.

[36] Yang S N，Liu Y，Ding K Y，et al. Microstructure of Hastelloy X superalloy’s joints by activated diffusion brazing[J].Welding & Joining，2019（12）：22-26.

[37] 赵旭，孙元，侯星宇，等 . 取向偏差对镍基单晶高温合金钎焊接头组织与力学性能的影响[J].金属学报，2020，56（2）：171-181.

[38] Zhao X，Sun Y，Hou X Y，et al. Effect of orientation deviation on microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel—based single crystal superalloy brazing joints[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica，2020，56（2）：171-181.

[39] Ghasemi A，Pouranvari M. Microstructural evolution mechanism during brazing of Hastelloy X superalloy using Ni—Si—B filler metal[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining，2018，23（5）：441-448.

[40] 孙元，刘纪德，侯星宇，等 . DD5单晶高温合金大间隙钎焊的组织演变与界面形成机制[J].金属学报，2016，52（7）：875-882.

[41] Sun Y，Liu J D，Hou X Y，et al. Microstructure evolution and interfacial formation mechanism of wide gap brazing of DD5 single crystal superalloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica，2016，52（7）：875-882.

[42] 易丹青，杜若昕，曹昱 . M₅Si₃型硅化物的研究及相关的物理冶金学问题[J].金属学报，2001，37（11）：1121-1130.

[43] Yi D Q，Du R X，Cao Y. Physical metallurgy of M₅Si₃—type silicides[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica，2001，37（11）：1121-1130.

[44] 李文文，李思思，陈波，等 . Ni₃Al基高温合金IC10钎焊接头组织及性能[J].材料工程，2024，52（12）：37-43.

[45] Li W W，Li S S，Chen B，et al. Microstructure and property of Ni₃Al—based superalloy IC10 brazed joint[J].Journal of Materials Engineering，2024，52（12）：37-43.

[46] Lifshitz I M，Slyozov V V. The kinetics of precipitation from supersaturated solid solutions[J].Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids，1961，19（1/2）：35-50.

[47] 梁海，叶雷，毛唯 . 大间隙钎焊用混合粉状高温镍基钎料的润湿性和显微组织[J].航空材料学报，2012，32（4）：20-25.

[48] Liang H，Ye L，Mao W. Wettability and microstructures of high temperature Ni—based mixed filler powders for wide gap brazing[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials，2012，32（4）：20-25.

[49] 潘晖，赵海生 . 镍基钎料钎焊K465高温合金大间隙接头组织与性能研究[J].材料工程，2017，45（5）：86-93.

[50] Pan H，Zhao H S. Research on microstructure and mechanical properties of wide—gap brazed joints of K465 superalloy using nickel—base brazing filler metal[J].Journal of Materials Engineering，2017，45（5）：86-93.

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(52201050)