航空结构钎焊技术应用研究进展

Research progress of brazing technology application in aeronautical structures

摘要

钎焊技术是航空结构制造过程中不可或缺的关键连接技术之一，广泛应用于高温、高应力及复杂服役环境下的构件连接。本文系统综述航空结构钎焊关键技术的研究进展与应用现状，重点涵盖航空发动机涡轮叶片、飞机金属蜂窝封严结构及散热器等复杂构件的钎焊技术应用。同时，针对陶瓷基复合材料、TiAl 系高温合金和Nb-Si基难熔合金等新型航空结构材料，深入分析其在钎焊过程中的可焊性研究现状与面临的主要技术瓶颈。最后指出，通过引入数值模拟与机器学习技术，并结合多主元合金设计及微合金化调控策略，显著提升高性能专用钎料的成分筛选设计与工艺优化效率，加速构建覆盖全温域和全流程的技术标准体系，深化异种材料连接理论研究，为高端航空制造提供更加坚实的技术支撑。

Abstract

Brazing technology is one of the indispensable key joining technologies in the manufacturing of aerospace structures，and it is widely applied to the joining of components operating under high-temperature，high-stress，and complex service conditions. This paper systematically reviews the research progress and application status of key brazing technologies for aerospace structures，with a focus on the brazing research developments of complex components such as aero-engine turbine blades， aircraft metal honeycomb sealing structures， and heat exchangers. Meanwhile， for advanced aerospace structural materials including ceramic matrix composites，TiAl high-temperature alloys，and Nb-Si refractory alloys，this paper comprehensively analyzes their current weldability research status and major technical bottlenecks in the brazing process. Finally， it is pointed out that the integration of numerical simulation and machine learning technologies，combined with multi-principal alloy design and micro-alloying regulation strategies， can significantly improve the efficiency of composition screening and process optimization for high-performance specialized brazing materials. This approach will accelerate the establishment of a comprehensive technical standard system covering the entire temperature range and manufacturing process， and further advance the theoretical research on dissimilar material joining， thereby providing robust technical support for advanced aerospace manufacturing.

关键词

航空结构 / 钎焊 / 涡轮叶片 / 金属蜂窝 / 散热器 / 高温合金 / 陶瓷基复合材料 / 新型高温结构材料

Key words

aeronautical structure / brazing / turbine blade / metallic honeycomb / radiator / superalloy / ceramic matrix composite / advanced high-temperature structural material

参考文献

[1] 熊华平, 毛唯, 吴欣, 等. 航空航天钎焊扩散焊技术[M]. 北京: 航空工业出版社, 2021.

[2] XIONG H P, MAO W, WU X. Diffusion welding tech-nology of aerospace brazing[M]. Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 2021.

[3] 刘大响. 一代新材料, 一代新型发动机:航空发动机的发展趋势及其对材料的需求[J]. 材料工程, 2017, 45(10):1-5.

[4] LIU D X. One generation of new material, one genera-tion of new type engine: development trend of aero-engine and its requirements for materials[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2017, 45(10):1-5.

[5] 纪朝辉, 刘昱乾, 贾鹏, 等. 航空发动机高温合金焊接性能的研究现状[J]. 热加工工艺, 2022, 51(15):1-6.

[6] JI Z H, LIU Y Q, JIA P, et al. Research status of weld-ing performance of superalloys in aeroengine[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2022, 51(15):1-6.

[7] 李金声, 雷力明, 张燕. 商用涡扇航空发动机关键制造技术[J]. 航空动力, 2022(6):39-42.

[8] LI J S, LEI L M, ZHANG Y. Key manufacturing tech-nology for commercial turbofan engine[J]. Aerospace Power, 2022(6):39-42.

[9] 张少平, 侯美丽, 李恒, 等. 新一代航空发动机新结构设计及其对新材料与新工艺需求分析[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(23):270-286.

[10] ZHANG S P, HOU M L, LI H, et al. Analysis of new structural designs and requirements for new materials and manufacturing processes in next generation aircraft engines[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(23):270-286.

[11] 索德军, 孙明霞, 梁春华, 等. 美国战斗机发动机技术研究与产品研制的发展特点及趋势分析[J]. 航空发动机, 2016, 42(6):82-89.

[12] SUO D J, SUN M X, LIANG C H, et al. Review on technical investigation and product development of fighter engine in US[J]. Aeroengine, 2016, 42(6):82-89.

[13] MAKSYMOVA S V, VORONOV V V. Influence of iron on the structure and strength of the Kovar to stainless steel joints by using Cu-Mn-Co-Fe brazing filler metal[J]. Welding in the World, 2024, 68(1):35-42.

[14] REN X Y, LI W W, XIONG H P, et al. Fast epitaxial brazing of DD6 single crystal superalloy using novel NiCoCrAlNbTi high entropy filler alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2024, 985:174082.

[15] LI P, LI C, DONG H G, et al. Vacuum diffusion bond-ing of TC4 titanium alloy to 316L stainless steel with AlCoCrCuNi2 high-entropy alloy interlayer[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 909:164698.

[16] 肖坤. 真空电子束焊接技术在航空散热器领域的应用[J]. 航空精密制造技术, 2025, 61(2):54-56.

[17] XIAO K. Technology in aerospace heat exchanger prod-uct field[J]. Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technol-ogy, 2025, 61(2):54-56.

[18] SONAR T, MALARVIZHI S, BALASUBRAMANIAN V. Influence of arc constriction current frequency on ten-sile properties and microstructural evolution of tungsten inert gas welded thin sheets of aerospace alloy[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2021, 31(2):456-474.

[19] 梁键, 赵海, 许勇刚. 航空发动机火焰筒矩形点焊换段修理技术研究[J]. 航空发动机, 2016, 42(5):94-97.

[20] LIANG J, ZHAO H, XU Y G. Technology study on sec-tion-change repair with rectangular spot welding of com-bustor liner for aeroengine[J]. Aeroengine, 2016, 42(5):94-97.

[21] JIANG Z H, ZENG C Y, CHANG Z J, et al. Synergis-tic optimization of efficiency-microstructure-perfor-mance in wire-arc additive manufacturing of AZ31 mag-nesium alloy[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2025, 13(11):5571-5588.

[22] YU K, TAN Z J, ZENG C Y, et al. Oscillating laser beam welding of additively manufactured Al-Cu with hot-rolled Al-Mg dissimilar aluminum alloys:the role of laser beam offset[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2025, 192:113947.

[23] DU S G, WANG S L, DING K. A novel method of fric-tion-diffusion welding between TiAl alloy and GH3039 high temperature alloy[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2020, 56:688-696.

[24] 李思思, 李文文, 陈波, 等. K417G 合金大间隙钎焊接头组织与力学性能[J]. 失效分析与预防, 2025, 20(5):410-415.

[25] LI S S, LI W W, CHEN B, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of wide-gap brazed joint of K417G alloy[J]. Failure Analysis and Prevention, 2025, 20(5):410-415.

[26] SAFARI J, NATEGH S. On the heat treatment of René-80 nickel-base superalloy[J]. Journal of Materials Pro-cessing Technology, 2006, 176(1/3):240-250.

[27] 陈昊, 董建新, 张麦仓. 热处理工艺对铸造高温合金 K480 组织的影响[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2012, 33(7): 37-44.

[28] CHEN H, DONG J X, ZHANG M C. Effect of heat treatment process on microstructure of cast superalloy K480[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treat-ment, 2012, 33(7):37-44.

[29] 曾强, 燕平, 邵冲, 等. K 480 铸造镍基高温合金 900 ℃高温时效过程中晶界粗化行为研究[J]. 金属学报, 2013, 49(1):63-70.

[30] 李小强, 程准, 邱昊, 等. 镍基高温合金焊接修复技术的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2017, 31(增刊 1): 541-545.

[31] LI X Q, CHENG Z, QIU H, et al. Research progress in repair welding technology of Ni-based superalloy[J]. Materials Reports, 2017, 31(Suppl 1):541-545.

[32] MORADI M, GHOREISHI M. Influences of laser weld-ing parameters on the geometric profile of Ni-base superalloy René 80 weld-bead[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2011, 55(1):205-215.

[33] OJO O A, CHATURVEDI M C. On the role of liquated γ′ precipitates in weld heat affected zone microfissuring of a nickel-based superalloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:A, 2005, 403(1/2):77-86.

[34] 车洪艳, 郑天明, 王恒霖, 等. 热模拟 MHC/GH4099 扩散钎焊接头的组织与力学性能[J]. 焊接学报, 2021, 42(9):15-20.

[35] CHE H Y, ZHENG T M, WANG H L, et al. Microstruc-ture and mechanical properties of thermal simulated MHC/GH4099 diffusion brazing joints[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2021, 42(9):15-20.

[36] 张传臣, 张田仓, 赵春玲. K447A+GH4169惯性摩擦焊接头组织与高温力学性能[J]. 焊接学报, 2019, 40(10):137-141.

[37] ZHANG C C, ZHANG T C, ZHAO C L. Microstruc-ture and high temperature mechanical properties of iner-tia friction welding joint of K447A +GH4169[J]. Trans-actions of the China Welding Institution, 2019, 40(10): 137-141.

[38] 王浩, 吴欣, 程耀永, 等. K480 镍基高温合金钎焊接头组织与性能[J]. 焊接, 2022(4):37-42.

[39] WANG H, WU X, CHENG Y Y, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of K480 nickel-based superal-loy brazed joint[J]. Welding & Joining, 2022(4) : 37-42.

[40] 郑亮, 张国庆, 张利冲, 等. 高温合金制备工艺精确定制: 策略、方法与验证[J]. 航空材料学报, 2025, 45(5):1-25.

[41] ZHENG L, ZHANG G Q, ZHANG L C, et al. Precise tailoring of manufacturing processes for superalloys: strategy, methodology and validation[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2025, 45(5):1-25.

[42] 赵希宏, 黄朝晖, 谭永宁, 等. IC10 高温合金的微观组织[J]. 航空材料学报, 2008, 28(3):28-33.

[43] ZHAO X H, HUANG Z H, TAN Y N, et al. Microstruc-ture of IC10 superalloy[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2008, 28(3):28-33.

[44] 叶雷, 毛唯, 谢永慧, 等. 定向凝固高温合金IC10瞬态液相(TLP)扩散焊接头组织研究[J]. 材料工程, 2004(3):42-44.

[45] YE L, MAO W, XIE Y H, et al. Research on TLP diffu-sion bonded joint microstructure of directionally solid-fied superalloy IC10[J]. Journal of Materials Engineer-ing, 2004(3):42-44.

[46] 叶雷, 李晓红, 毛唯, 等. Hf 与 Zr 为降熔元素镍基钎料对 IC10 合金的钎焊[J]. 焊接学报, 2009, 30(2):137-140.

[47] YE L, LI X H, MAO W, et al. Brazing of IC10 superal-loy with Ni-based brazing fillers using Hf and Zr as melting-point depressants[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2009, 30(2):137-140.

[48] 曲伸, 刘纪德, 宋文清, 等. DZ125 定向凝固高温合金氩弧焊修复工艺研究[J]. 航空制造技术, 2018, 61(8):43-47.

[49] QU S, LIU J D, SONG W Q, et al. TIG repairing on directionally solidified superalloy DZ125[J]. Aeronauti-cal Manufacturing Technology, 2018, 61(8):43-47.

[50] 李文文, 李思思, 陈波, 等. Ni3Al 基高温合金 IC10 钎焊接头组织及性能[J]. 材料工程, 2024, 52(12):37-43.

[51] LI W W, LI S S, CHEN B, et al. Microstructure and property of Ni3Al-based superalloy IC10 brazed joint[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(12):37-43.

[52] WU T, ZHANG Q G, LU H, et al. Diffusion brazing of GH536 polycrystalline superalloy with IC10 single crys-tal superalloy using BNi-2 interlayer[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2023, 24: 9850-9865.

[53] 翟梦园, 邵益凯, 王辉明, 等. DZ125 涡轮叶片服役组织损伤的亚固溶恢复热处理[J]. 材料工程, 2025, 53(6):1-11.

[54] ZHAI M Y, SHAO Y K, WANG H M, et al. Sub-solid solution recovery heat treatment for service tissue dam-age of DZ125 turbine blade[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2025, 53(6):1-11.

[55] 宋尽霞, 姜驰航, 康永旺, 等. P 对定向凝固高温合金DZ125 组织和性能的影响[J]. 航空材料学报, 2025, 45(5):142-149.

[56] SONG J X, JIANG C H, KANG Y W, et al. Effects of P on microstructures and properties of directionally solidi-fied superalloy DZ125[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2025, 45(5):142-149.

[57] 朱家瑞, 戈昊宇, 张玉衡, 等. 激光粉末床熔融修复定向 DZ125 合金数值模拟与实验研究[J]. 材料工程, 2024, 52(12):15-28.

[58] ZHU J R, GE H Y, ZHANG Y H, et al. Numerical simu-lation and experimental study of laser powder bed fusion for directional DZ125 alloy repair[J]. Journal of Materi-als Engineering, 2024, 52(12):15-28.

[59] 李晓红, 毛唯, 钟群鹏, 等. DD3 单晶合金 TLP 扩散焊接头组织及持久性能[J]. 焊接学报, 2012, 33(7):1-4.

[60] LI X H, MAO W, ZHONG Q P, et al. Microstructure and stress-rupture property of TLP diffusion bonded DD3 single crystal superalloy joints[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2012, 33(7):1-4.

[61] 冯洪亮, 陈波, 任海水, 等. 钎焊热循环对 DD6 单晶合金微观组织的影响[J]. 航空材料学报, 2021, 41(6):51-58.

[62] FENG H L, CHEN B, REN H S, et al. Effect of brazing thermal cycles on microstructure of single crystal alloy DD6[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2021, 41(6):51-58.

[63] NISHIMOTO K, SAIDA K, KIM D, et al. Transient liq-uid phase bonding of Ni-base single crystal superalloy, CMSX-2[J]. ISIJ International, 1995, 35(10) : 1298-1306.

[64] LIU J D, JIN T, ZHAO N R, et al. Effect of transient liquid phase(TLP) bonding on the ductility of a Ni-base single crystal superalloy in a stress rupture test[J]. Materials Characterization, 2008, 59(1):68-73.

[65] JUNG J P, KANG C S. Liquid phase diffusion bonding of René80 using pure boron[J]. Materials Transactions, JIM, 1996, 37(5):1008-1013.

[66] SUN Y, LIU J, LI B, et al. Microstructure evolution of single crystal superalloy DD5 joints brazed using AWS BNi-2 filler alloy[J]. Materials Research Innovations, 2014, 18(suppl 4):341-346.

[67] SHENG N C, LIU J D, JIN T, et al. Precipitation behav-iors in the diffusion affected zone of TLP bonded single crystal superalloy joint[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2015, 31(2):129-134.

[68] 孙元, 侯星宇, 金涛, 等. DD5 单晶高温合金钎焊接头的微观组织和力学性能分析[J]. 焊接学报, 2017, 38(1):117-120.

[69] SUN Y, HOU X Y, JIN T, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of DD5 single crystal superalloy brazing joint[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2017, 38(1):117-120.

[70] 孙元, 赵旭, 苏瑾, 等. 镍基单晶高温合金钎焊接头的微观组织与性能[J]. 焊接学报, 2020, 41(7):32-38.

[71] SUN Y, ZHAO X, SU J, et al. Microstructure and prop-erties of nickel-based single crystal superalloy brazed joints[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institu-tion, 2020, 41(7):32-38.

[72] 李文文, 陈波, 熊华平, 等. 第二代单晶高温合金DD6高性能钎焊接头的组织及力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(8):959-966.

[73] LI W W, CHEN B, XIONG H P, et al. Microstructure and mechanical property of the second-generation sin-gle-crystal superalloy DD6 joint[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2021, 57(8):959-966.

[74] The microstructure, mechanical properties and coatability of diffusion brazed CMSX-4 single crystal[M]. New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996.

[75] 吕江, 何立东, 王晨阳, 等. 蜂窝密封在小功率汽轮机轴端密封上的应用[J]. 润滑与密封, 2015, 40(6):90-94.

[76] LV J, HE L D, WANG C Y, et al. Application of honey-comb seal on shaft-end seal of low power steam tur-bines[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2015, 40(6):90-94.

[77] 陈秀秀, 晏鑫, 李军. 蜂窝叶顶密封对透平级气动性能的影响研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2016, 50(4):14-20.

[78] CHEN X X, YAN X, LI J. Effect of honeycomb shroud seals on aerodynamic performance of turbine stages[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2016, 50(4):14-20.

[79] 杨海波, 江少华, 赵志远, 等. 钛合金蜂窝整体机身壁板技术应用研究[J]. 航空制造技术, 2013, 56(16): 126-128.

[80] YANG H B, JIANG S H, ZHAO Z Y, et al. Engineer-ing application research of titanium honeycomb integral fuselage panel technology[J]. Aeronautical Manufactur-ing Technology, 2013, 56(16):126-128.

[81] 王飞, 刘泓滨, 蒋志涛, 等. 基于LS-DYNA的半蜂窝芯材成型过程仿真与分析[J]. 科技导报, 2008, 26(13):49-51.

[82] WANG F, LIU H B, JIANG Z T, et al. Forming process simulation of half-honeycomb profile strip based on LS-DYNA[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2008, 26(13):49-51.

[83] 董鑫, 石晓朋, 常飞, 等. 蜂窝芯体厚度对 Nomex 蜂窝夹层复合材料压缩性能的影响[J]. 机械工程材料, 2014, 38(10):46-49.

[84] DONG X, SHI X P, CHANG F, et al. Influence of hon-eycomb core thickness on compressive property of Nomex honeycomb sandwich composites[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 38(10):46-49.

[85] 刘艳辉, 童国权, 王辉, 等. GH99 高温合金蜂窝板的制备及力学性能[J]. 机械工程材料, 2013, 37(2):82-85.

[86] LIU Y H, TONG G Q, WANG H, et al. Preparation and mechanical properties of GH99 high temperature alloy honeycomb plates[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engi-neering, 2013, 37(2):82-85.

[87] 徐彦强, 梅寒, 马广璐, 等. Haynes 214合金与GH5188 合金钎焊界面组织分析[J]. 精密成形工程, 2025, 17(6):74-81.

[88] XU Y Q, MEI H, MA G L, et al. Microstructure analy-sis of brazing interface between Haynes 214 alloy and GH5188 alloy[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engi-neering, 2025, 17(6):74-81.

[89] VOGLER J, VÖLKL R, SONG J, et al. High tempera-ture and high strain rate properties of brazed honeycomb liner material Haynes 214[J]. Wear, 2024, 550:205427.

[90] ULAN KYZY S, VÖLKL R, MUNZ O, et al. The effect of brazing on microstructure of honeycomb liner mate-rial Hastelloy X[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2019, 28(4):1909-1913.

[91] WANG S Y, XU Y X, ZHANG X G, et al. Design and fabrication of aluminum honeycomb sandwich struc-tures by atmosphere protect brazing: microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior[J]. Materialia, 2022, 22:101423.

[92] 文义平, 龙建军. 铝蜂窝芯铝芯材成形过程仿真与实验研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2013(1):268-271.

[93] WEN Y P, LONG J J. Aluminum honeycomb core alu-minum conductor material forming process simulation and experimental study[J]. Machinery Design & Manu-facture, 2013(1):268-271.

[94] 静永娟, 刘烨, 尚泳来, 等. γ-TiAl 合金钎焊用钎料设计及接头组织研究[J]. 航空制造技术, 2024, 67(8):105-109.

[95] JING Y J, LIU Y, SHANG Y L, et al. Research on filler design and interface microstructure for brazing γ-TiAl alloys[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2024, 67(8):105-109.

[96] SHAPIRO A E, FLOM Y, MOXSON V S, et al. Cost-effective sintered brazing foils for joining titanium alloys and ceramics[C]// Proceedings of the 5th International Brazing and Soldering Conference. Materials Park, OH: ASM International,2012:427-432.

[97] RABINKIN A, LIEBERMANN H, POUNDS S, et al. Amorphous Ti-Zr-base metglas® brazing filler metals[J]. Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1991, 25(2):399-404.

[98] SHAPIRO A E. Cost-effective Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu powder alloys for vacuum of titanium brazing of titanium at 1610-1650 ℉[C]// Proceeding of the 5th International Brazing and Soldering Conference. Materials Park, OH: ASM International,2012:419-425.

[99] ZHANG T, INOUE A, MASUMOTO T. The effect of atomic size on the stability of supercooled liquid for amorphous (Ti, Zr, Hf) 65Ni25Al10 and (Ti, Zr, Hf) 65 Cu25Al10 alloys[J]. Materials Letters, 1993, 15(5/6) : 379-382.

[100] ZHANG T, INOUE A. Thermal and mechanical proper-ties of Ti-Ni-Cu-Sn amorphous alloys with a wide super-cooled liquid region before crystallization[J]. Materials Transactions,JIM, 1998, 39(10):1001-1006.

[101] PANG S J, MEN H, SHEK C H, et al. Formation,ther-mal stability and corrosion behavior of glassy Ti45Zr5Cu45Ni5 alloy[J]. Intermetallics, 2007, 15(5/6): 683-686.

[102] PANG S J, SUN L L, XIONG H P, et al. A multicompo-nent TiZr-based amorphous brazing filler metal for high-strength joining of titanium alloy[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2016, 117:55-59.

[103] GANJEH E, SARKHOSH H, BAJGHOLI M E, et al. Increasing Ti-6Al-4V brazed joint strength equal to the base metal by Ti and Zr amorphous filler alloys[J]. Materials Characterization, 2012, 71:31-40.

[104] 静永娟, 李晓红, 岳喜山. TC1 钛合金蜂窝夹层结构的钎焊工艺研究与分析[J]. 航空制造技术, 2012(13):137-139.

[105] JING Y J, LI X H, YUE X S. Research and analysis of processing parameter for brazing honeycomb sandwich construction in titanium alloy[J]. Aeronautical Manu-facturing Technology, 2012(13):137-139.

[106] 谷俊. 管壳式燃滑油散热器换热特性计算方法及试验验证[J]. 航空发动机, 2013, 39(1):65-69.

[107] GU J. Calculating method and experimental verification of heat transfer characteristics for tube and shell type fuel and oil heat exchanger[J]. Aeroengine, 2013, 39(1):65-69.

[108] 邓宏武, 李利昂, 杨家旺, 等. 航空发动机超轻高效换热器的发展与应用展望[J]. 航空动力学报, 2022, 37(10):2272-2285.

[109] DENG H W, LI L A, YANG J W, et al. Development and application prospect of light and high efficiency heat exchanger in aviation and aerospace[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2022, 37(10):2272-2285.

[110] 潘晖, 赵海生, 淮军锋, 等. 一种采用带状钎料钎焊列管式散热器芯体的方法:CN106363266B[P]. 2019-01-11.

[111] PAN H, ZHAO H S, HUAI J F, et al. A method for brazing tubular radiator cores using strip brazing alloy: CN106363266B[P]. 2019-01-11.

[112] MIRSKI Z, PABIAN J, WOJDAT T. Dissolution and erosion phenomena in the brazing of aluminum heat exchangers[J]. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 2021, 66(4):1131-1140.

[113] 钟素娟, 刘攀, 秦建, 等. 钛合金板翅式散热器钎焊的研究进展[J]. 电焊机, 2022, 52(6):1-9.

[114] ZHONG S J, LIU P, QIN J, et al. Research progress of brazing titanium alloy plate fin heat exchanger[J]. Elec-tric Welding Machine, 2022, 52(6):1-9.

[115] 杨怀德, 肖宁, 张利生. 铝合金水冷散热器真空钎焊常见缺陷及控制措施[J]. 轻合金加工技术, 2022, 50(11):62-67.

[116] YANG H D, XIAO N, ZHANG L S. Defects of vacuum brazing for aluminium alloy water-cooled radiator and its controlling methods[J]. Light Alloy Fabrication Technology, 2022, 50(11):62-67.

[117] 陈犇, 马顺, 熊勇, 等. 铝合金散热器真空钎焊及热处理工艺研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2023, 52(17):103-109.

[118] HEN B, MA S, XIONG Y, et al. Study on vacuum brazing and heat treatment process of an aluminum alloy radiator[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2023, 52(17) : 103-109.

[119] 杨怀德, 肖宁, 贾世童, 等. 铝合金错位翅片型水冷散热器真空钎焊工艺[J]. 电焊机, 2023, 53(10): 120-124.

[120] YANG H D, XIAO N, JIA S T, et al. Vacuum brazing of Al alloy staggered finned water-cooled radiator[J]. Electric Welding Machine, 2023, 53(10):120-124.

[121] 汪卫华. 非晶态物质的本质和特性[J]. 物理学进展, 2013, 33(5):177-351.

[122] WANG W H. The nature and properties of amorphous matter[J]. Progress in Physics, 2013, 33(5):177-351.

[123] SCHUH-MACHER J, et al. Design of polymeric Si-B-C-N ceramic precursors for application in fiber-reinforced composite materials[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2000, 12(8):2112-2122.

[124] SUN X, LIU H T, LI J S, et al. Effects of CVD SiBCN interphases on mechanical and dielectric properties of SiCf/SiC composites fabricated via a PIP process[J]. Ceramics International, 2016, 42(1):82-89.

[125] KORN D, ELSSNER G, CANNON R M, et al. Fracture properties of interfacially doped Nb-Al2O3 bicrystals:Ⅰ fracture characteristics[J]. Acta Materialia, 2002, 50(15):3881-3901.

[126] 陈波, 熊华平, 毛唯, 等. SiO2f/SiO2 复合材料自身及其与铜、不锈钢的钎焊[J]. 航空材料学报, 2012, 32(1):35-40.

[127] CHEN B, XIONG H P, MAO W, et al. Brazing of SiO2f/SiO2,SiO2f/SiO2/Cu and SiO2f/SiO2/stainless steel joints[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2012, 32(1):35-40.

[128] JONES R H, GIANCARLI L, HASEGAWA A, et al. Promise and challenges of SiCf/SiC composites for fusion energy applications[J]. Journal of Nuclear Mate-rials, 2002, 307:1057-1072.

[129] APPENDINO P, FERRARIS M, CASALEGNO V, et al. Direct joining of CFC to copper[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2004, 329:1563-1566.

[130] 毛样武, 李树杰, 韩文波. 采用 Ni-51Cr 焊料高温钎焊 SiC 陶瓷[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2006, 35(2):312-315.

[131] MAO Y W, LI S J, HAN W B. Joining of SiC by high temperature brazing with Ni-51Cr filler[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2006, 35(2):312-315.

[132] FENG H L, CHEN B, REN X Y, et al. Brazing SiCf/SiC and TZM alloy with AuPdTiCrCu dual active element filler metal[J]. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 2023, 20(4):2131-2136.

[133] 王衍飞, 刘荣军, 张金, 等. SiCf/SiC 陶瓷基复合材料制备技术研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2025, 53(4):52-74.

[134] WANG Y F, LIU R J, ZHANG J, et al. Research progress in preparation technology of SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites[J]. Journal of Materials Engineer-ing, 2025, 53(4):52-74.

[135] 闫联生, 王涛, 邹武, 等. 国外复合材料推力室技术研究进展[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2003, 26(1):64-66.

[136] YAN L S, WANG T, ZOU W, et al. Progress of the composite thruster abroad[J]. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2003, 26(1):64-66.

[137] 王平, 张权明, 李良. Cf/SiC 陶瓷基复合材料车削加工工艺研究[J]. 火箭推进, 2011, 37(2):67-70.

[138] WANG P, ZHANG Q M, LI L. Research on turning technology of Cf/SiC ceramic matrix composites[J]. Journal of Rocket Propulsion, 2011, 37(2):67-70.

[139] 熊华平, 毛建英, 陈冰清, 等. 航空航天轻质高温结构材料的焊接技术研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2013(10): 1-12.

[140] XIONG H P, MAO J Y, CHEN B Q, et al.Research advances on the welding and joining technologies of

[141] light-mass high-temperature structural materials in aerospace field[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2013(10):1-12.

[142] XIONG H P, CHEN B, PAN Y, et al. Interfacial reac-tions and joining characteristics of a Cu-Pd-V system filler alloy with Cf/SiC composite[J]. Ceramics Interna-tional, 2014, 40(6):7857-7863.

[143] XIONG H P, CHEN B, PAN Y, et al. Joining of Cf/SiC composite with a Cu-Au-Pd-V brazing filler and interfa-cial reactions[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Soci-ety, 2014, 34(6):1481-1486.

[144] LI Z C, YIN X G, MA T, et al. Bending and thermal expansion properties of 2.5D C/SiC composites[J]. Materials Transactions, 2011, 52(12):2165-2167.

[145] LI W W, CHEN B, XIONG H P, et al. Reactive brazing Cf/SiC to itself and to Mo using the NiPdPtAu-Cr filler alloy[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2017, 37(13):3849-3859.

[146] LI W W, CHEN B, XIONG H P, et al. Brazing SiC matrix composites using Co-Ni-Nb-V alloy[J]. Weld-ing in the World, 2017, 61(4):839-846.

[147] 何家宝, 王亮, 张朝威, 等. Al2O3 涂层对硅基陶瓷型芯与镍基单晶高温合金界面反应的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(7):1093-1108.

[148] HE J B, WANG L, ZHANG C W, et al. Effect of Al2O3 coating on interface reaction between Si-based ceramic core and Ni-based single-crystal superalloy[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2025, 61(7):1093-1108.

[149] 熊华平, 吴世彪, 陈波, 等. 缓解陶瓷/金属连接接头残余热应力的方法研究进展[J]. 焊接学报, 2013, 34(9):107-112.

[150] XIONG H P, WU S B, CHEN B, et al. Progress of methods for decreasing residual thermal stresses in ceramic/metal joints[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2013, 34(9):107-112.

[151] XIONG H P, MAO W, XIE Y H, et al. Brazing of SiC to a wrought nickel-based superalloy using CoFeNi(Si, B) CrTi filler metal[J]. Materials Letters, 2007, 61(25):4662-4665.

[152] 陈波, 熊华平, 程耀永, 等. 以 W 合金作为缓释层 Cf/SiC 与 TC4 真空钎焊研究[J]. 材料科学与工艺, 2009, 17(增刊 1):1-4.

[153] CHEN B, XIONG H P, CHENG Y Y, et al. Brazing of Cf/SiC composite to TC4 using tungsten alloy as buffer layer[J]. Materials Science & Technology, 2009, 17(Suppl 1):1-4.

[154] LI W W, CHEN B, XIONG H P, et al. Joining of Cf/SiC composite to GH783 superalloy with NiPdPtAu-Cr filler alloy and a Mo interlayer[J]. Journal of Materials Sci-ence & Technology, 2019, 35(9):2099-2106.

[155] 熊华平, 陈波. 陶瓷用高温活性钎焊材料及界面冶金[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2014.

[156] XIONG H P, CHEN B. High-temperature brazing filler metals for ceramic joining and interfacial metal-lurgy[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2014.

[157] CHEN B, ZOU W J, LI W W, et al. Joining of SiO2f/SiO2 composite to Nb using Ag-Cu-In-Ti brazing alloys[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2020, 50:13-20.

[158] CHEN B, ZOU W J, LI W W, et al. Joining of SiO2f/SiO2 composite to Ti-6Al-4V using Ag-Cu-In-Ti brazing fillers, the joint strengths, and microstruc-tures[J]. Welding in the World, 2017, 61(4):833-837.

[159] 王强, 李小兵, 郝俊杰, 等. 一种新型 Ti-Al-Mn-Nb 合金的固态相变行为[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(7):1060-1070.

[160] WANG Q, LI X B, HAO J J, et al. Solid-state phase transformation behavior of a novel Ti-Al-Mn-Nb alloy[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2025, 61(7):1060-1070.

[161] 秦仁耀, 张国栋, 李能, 等. TiAl 基合金的增材制造技术研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(8):115-132.

[162] IN R Y, ZHANG G D, LI N, et al. Research progress on additive manufacturing of TiAl-based alloys[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(8): 115-132.

[163] 陈玉勇, 时国浩, 杜之明, 等. 增材制造 TiAl 合金的研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(1):1-15.

[164] CHEN Y Y, SHI G H, DU Z M, et al. Research progress on additive manufacturing TiAl alloy[J]. Acta Metallur-gica Sinica, 2024, 60(1):1-15.

[165] ZHAI Z L, REN X Y, REN H S, et al. Dissimilar join-ing of TiAl alloy to Ni-based superalloy using a Ni-Co-Fe-Mn-Cr-Ge-(Si, B) high-entropy alloy as brazing filler metal[J]. Welding in the World,2025:1-13.

[166] 吕彦龙, 范佳锋, 候金保, 等. Ti69NbCrZr X 中间层脉冲电流促进扩散焊 TiAl/Ti2AlNb 接头的组织与性能[J]. 材料工程, 2024, 52(12):143-150.

[167] LYU Y L, FAN J F, HOU J B, et al. Microstructure and properties of pulse current promoted diffusion welding TiAl/Ti2AlNb joint with Ti69NbCrZr X interlayer[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(12) : 143-150.

[168] 刘子儒, 郭乾应, 张虹雨, 等. V 添加对 Ti2AlNb 合金组织演变及硬度的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(6): 848-856.

[169] LIU Z R, GUO Q Y, ZHANG H Y, et al. Effects of V on the microstructure evolution and hardness enhance-ment of Ti2AlNb alloy[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2025, 61(6):848-856.

[170] 翟智梁, 赵汉宇, 任海水, 等. TiAl 基合金焊接与连接的国内外研究现状与发展趋势[J/OL]. 材料工程,1-23[2026-01-20]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.1800.TB.20250827.1535.002.

[171] ZHAI Z L, ZHAO H Y, REN H S, et al. Research progress and development of welding and joining of TiAl-based alloy[J/OL]. Journal of Materials Engineer-ing,1-23[2026-01-20]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.1800.TB.20250827.1535.002.

[172] FENG H L, REN X Y, XIONG H P, et al. Contact reac-tion brazing of TiAl alloy with Ti-Zr-V-Nb-Cu-Ni-Mn system high-entropy alloy filler metal[J]. Welding in the World, 2025, 69(6):1617-1624.

[173] ZHAI Z L, REN H S, REN X Y, et al. Vacuum brazing of TiAl based alloy with Ti-Mn-Fe-Ni-Co-V system filler metal[J]. China Welding, 2025, 34(2):85-96.

[174] REN H S, XIONG H P, CHEN B, et al. Vacuum braz-ing of Ti3Al-based alloy to TiAl using TiZrCuNi(Co) fillers[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2015, 224:26-32.

[175] REN H S, XIONG H P, CHEN B, et al. Microstructures and mechanical properties of vacuum brazed Ti3Al/TiAl joints using two Ti-based filler metals[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2016, 32(4) : 372-380.

[176] REN H S, XIONG H P, YE L, et al. Microstructures and mechanical properties of TiAl/Ni-based superalloy joints brazed with Fe-based filler metal[J]. Welding in the World, 2021, 65(1):79-85.

[177] REN H S, XIONG H P, LONG W M, et al. Microstruc-tures and mechanical properties of Ti3Al/Ni-based super-alloy joints brazed with AuNi filler metal[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2019, 35(9) : 2070-2078.

[178] LEE S J, WU S K, LIN R Y. Infrared joining of TiAl intermetallics using Ti-15Cu-15Ni foil: II. the microstructural evolution at high temperature[J]. Acta Materialia, 1998, 46(4):1297-1305.

[179] REN H S, SHANG Y L, REN X Y, et al. Microstruc-ture and mechanical properties of TiAl/TiAl joints brazed with a newly developed Ti-Ni-Nb-Zr quaternary filler alloy[J]. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 2022, 32(6):758-768.

[180] CAI Y S, LIU R C, JI H B, et al. Vacuum brazing TiAl-based intermetallics using novel Ti-Fe-Mn eutectic braz-ing alloy[J]. Intermetallics, 2021, 136:107274.

[181] ZHAI Z L, REN X Y, SHANG Y L, et al. Microstruc-tures and mechanical properties of TiAl joint brazed with Ti-Mn-Fe-Ni-Zr system medium-entropy filler alloy[J]. Welding in the World, 2024, 68(9) : 2511-2520.

[182] ZHAI Z L, REN X Y, REN H S, et al. Microstructures and joining characteristics of TiAl/TiAl joints brazed with Ti-Mn-Fe-Ni-Nb system medium-entropy alloy filler metal[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technol-ogy, 2026, 247:249-266.

[183] ZHAI Z L, REN H S, LIU B B, et al. Screening design of a Ti-Mn-Fe-Ni-Co-Cr medium-entropy alloy filler for high-strength TiAl joints:microstructure and strengthen-ing mechanisms[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2025, 948:149308.

[184] CAI Y S, LIU R C, ZHU Z W, et al. Effect of brazing temperature and brazing time on the microstructure and tensile strength of TiAl-based alloy joints with Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni amorphous alloy as filler metal[J]. Intermetallics, 2017, 91:35-44.

[185] DONG D, ZHU D D, WANG Y, et al. Microstructure and shear strength of brazing TiAl/Si3N4 joints with Ag-Cu binary alloy as filler metal[J]. Metals, 2018, 8(11): 896.

[186] 陈波, 熊华平, 毛唯, 等. 采用 Ti-15Cu-15Ni 钎料的 TiAl/42CrMo 钢接头组织及形成机理[J]. 航空材料学报, 2006, 26(3):317-318.

[187] CHEN B, XIONG H P, MAO W, et al. Microstructure and bonding mechanism of TiAl/42CrMo steel joints using Ti-15Cu-15Ni filler metal[J]. Journal of Aeronau-tical Materials, 2006, 26(3):317-318.

[188] MASOUMI F, SHAHRIARI D, JAHAZI M, Kinetics and mechanisms of γ′ reprecipitation in a Ni-based superalloy[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6(1) : 28650.

[189] SRIVASTAVA A, GOPAGONI S, NEEDLEMAN A, et al. Effect of specimen thickness on the creep response of a Ni-based single-crystal superalloy[J]. Acta Materi-alia, 2012, 60(16):5697-5711.

[190] 张勇, 何新波, 曲选辉, 等. 超高温材料的研究进展及应用[J]. 材料导报, 2007, 21(12):60-64.

[191] ZHANG Y, HE X B, QU X H, et al. Research progress and application of ultra high-temperature materials[J]. Materials Review, 2007, 21(12):60-64.

[192] 沙江波. Nb-Si 基超高温合金研究进展[J]. 航空制造技术, 2010, 53(14):57-61.

[193] SHA J B. Research progress of Nb-Si ultra high temper-ature alloy[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technol-ogy, 2010, 53(14):57-.

[194] 王瀚铭, 杜银, 裴旭辉, 等. 共晶组织强化NbMoZrVSix难熔高熵合金的摩擦磨损性能及磨损机理[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(7):937-946.

[195] WANG H M, DU Y, PEI X H, et al. Tribological prop-erty and wear mechanism of NbMoZrVSix refractory high-entropy alloy strengthened by eutectic structure[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2024, 60(7):937-946.

[196] LIU W, HUANG S, YE C T, et al. Progress in Nb-Si ultra-high temperature structural materials:a review[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2023, 149: 127-153.

[197] REN X Y, XIONG H P, KANG Y W, et al. Microstruc-ture and mechanical properties of vacuum brazed NbSS/Nb5Si3 composite joints using Ni-based filler alloys[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2019, 50(11):5181-5190.

[198] REN X Y, LIU W, REN H S, et al. Microstructures and joining characteristics of NbSS/Nb5Si3 composite joints by newly-developed Ti66-Ni22-Nb12 filler alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2020, 58: 95-99.

[199] REN X Y, LIU W, XIONG H P, et al. Metallurgical behavior and joining characteristics of NbSS/Nb5Si3 composite joints by newly developed Ti-Ni-Nb-Zr-Hf high-entropy filler alloy[J]. Welding in the World, 2025:1-13.

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(52201050)

国家自然科学基金(U2141205)

国家自然科学基金(51804286)

北京市自然科学基金面上项目(3212014)