MXene 基复合材料的功能设计及在智能电磁领域的研究进展

Functional design of MXene-based composite and research progress in the field of intelligent electromagnetics

摘要

MXene作为新型二维过渡金属碳/氮化物的典型代表，凭借优异的导电性、可调控的层间距及丰富的表面官能团，在智能电磁领域展现出广阔应用前景。本文围绕MXene基复合材料的制备方法、性能调控策略及其在电磁功能材料前沿领域的研究进展展开系统论述。首先，介绍二维MXene材料的核心特性，重点分析MXene基复合材料的主要制备路径与微观结构特点；随后，深入探讨复合材料的性能调控策略，详细剖析结构设计、表面改性、复合杂化等多维界面协同优化的作用机制；最后，针对当前MXene基复合材料面临的环境稳定性欠佳、规模化制备技术受限、多功能协同平衡难度大等核心挑战，提出未来智能电磁材料设计的研究方向，为该类材料在航空航天等高端领域的实际应用提供参考。

Abstract

MXene，as a typical two-dimensional transition metal carbide/nitride，exhibits broad application prospects in intelligent electromagnetic fields owing to its exceptional electrical conductivity，tunable interlayer spacing and rich surface functionalization. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the synthesis，performance modulation strategies and research progress of MXene-based composites within the domain of electromagnetic functional materials. Firstly，it introduces the fundamental structural and electronic characteristics of two-dimensional MXene and critically examine prevailing synthesis routes alongside the resulting microstructural features of MXene-based composites. Secondly，it deeply explores the performance control strategies for these composites，elucidating the underlying mechanisms of multidimensional interfacial optimization-including tailored structural design，targeted surface functionalization and synergistic hybridization. Finally，in response to the key challenges currently faced by MXene-based composite，such as inadequate environmental stability，underdeveloped scalable manufacturing protocols and difficulties in achieving balanced multifunctional integration-it proposes promising future research directions to facilitate their translation into high-end applications，particularly in aerospace and related advanced technological fields.

关键词

MXene / 复合材料 / 智能材料 / 电磁屏蔽 / 航空航天

Key words

MXene / composite / intelligent functional material / electromagnetic shielding / aerospace and aviation

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52502116)

广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2023A1515110140)