软磁合金及其复合材料吸波性能研究进展

Research progress on microwave absorption properties of soft magnetic alloys and their composites

摘要

软磁合金以其高饱和磁化强度、优异的磁导率、丰富的磁损耗机制以及可调节的电磁参数等优势，在千兆赫兹频段电磁波吸收领域表现出巨大的应用潜力。本文对近五年来软磁合金及其复合材料在微波吸收领域的研究进展进行系统综述，详细总结软磁合金吸波材料的性能调控方法，主要包括成分优化、元素掺杂与后处理改善，分析这些方法对电磁参数和吸波性能的影响，继而重点论述硬磁材料、介电材料、绝缘材料与软磁合金复合对吸波性能的促进作用，并介绍机器学习对软磁吸波材料研发的辅助作用。最后，总结软磁合金及其复合材料的材料体系、制备方法、形貌设计呈现多元化发展趋势，未来将材料试验、性能模拟与机器学习深度融合，有望推动该领域吸波材料的高效研发。

Abstract

Soft magnetic alloys exhibit significant potential for applications in electromagnetic wave absorption in the gigahertz frequency band， owing to their advantages such as high saturation magnetization， excellent permeability， diverse microwave attenuation mechanisms，and flexibly tunable electromagnetic parameters. This paper provides a review of the research progress on soft magnetic alloys and their composites in the field of microwave absorption over the past five years. The methods for modulating the performance of soft magnetic alloy-based microwave absorbers are summarized，primarily including composition optimization， elemental doping and post-treatment processing， and the effects of these methods on electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorption performance are analyzed. Subsequently， the synergistic effects of incorporating hard magnetic materials， dielectric materials and insulating materials with soft magnetic alloys on enhancing microwave absorption performance are mainly discussed. Then， the auxiliary role of machine learning in the development of soft magnetic microwave absorbing materials is introduced. In summary， the development of soft magnetic alloys and their composites exhibits a clear trend toward diversification in material systems， preparation methods and morphological design. Looking forward， the deep integration of material experimentation， performance simulation and machine learning is expected to significantly accelerate the efficient development of microwave-absorbing materials in this field.

关键词

软磁合金 / 合金复合材料 / 吸波性能 / 机器学习

Key words

soft magnetic alloy / alloy-composite / microwave absorption property / machine learning

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金区域联合基金重点项目(U24A20204)