航空结构用新型高性能损伤容限钛合金材料技术研究与发展

Research and development of new high-performance damage-tolerant titanium alloy material technology for aeronautical structures

摘要

航空装备用高性能损伤容限型钛合金的材料技术创新，是支撑我国航空工业实现装备结构设计自主化、关键技术国产化及产业跨越升级的核心战略支撑。本文系统综述了国内外航空结构用损伤容限型钛合金的研究现状与技术进展，重点阐述了北京航空材料研究院在我国飞机结构用新型高性能损伤容限型钛合金的研制突破与工程化应用成果。研究提出，以“需求牵引、体系化发展、跨代研制”为核心原则，是推动我国新一代航空高性能钛合金材料技术迭代的根本路径。为此，通过突破合金成分精准设计、高纯洁净熔炼、大规格棒材均匀化成形、整体化锻件一体化加工及多尺度综合强韧化等关键技术，已初步构建具有自主知识产权的中国飞机结构钛合金主干材料体系，涵盖中强高韧、高强高韧及超高强韧三大类损伤容限型钛合金系列。同时，为满足航空装备轻量化与低成本化的双重需求，成功研发出新型中高强韧低成本损伤容限型钛合金材料及应用技术，实现了该材料三种典型显微组织的强韧性协同优化与性能最佳匹配，为航空装备结构轻量化设计与工程化应用提供了新途径。未来研究需进一步深度耦合人工智能辅助材料设计、增材制造等前沿技术，强化基础理论研究与工程化验证力度，为我国高性能损伤容限型钛合金材料的性能进一步提升与工程化广泛应用奠定坚实的理论根基与技术支撑。

Abstract

Technological innovation in high-performance damage-tolerant titanium alloys for aerospace equipment stands as a core strategic pillar， enabling China’s aviation industry to achieve independent design of equipment structures， localization of key technologies， and leapfrog industrial development. This paper conducts a comprehensive review of the research status and technological advancements in damage-tolerant titanium alloys for aeronautical structures both domestically and internationally，and focuses on expounding the research breakthroughs and engineering application achievements of new high-performance damage-tolerant titanium alloys for aircraft structures by Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials. The study proposes that adhering to the core of “ demand-driven， systematic development， and cross-generation research and development” is the fundamental path to promote the iteration of China’s new-generation aeronautical high-performance titanium alloy material technologies. To this end， by making breakthroughs in key technologies such as precise alloy composition design，high-purity and clean smelting，homogenization forming of large-sized bars， integrated processing of integral forgings， and multi-scale comprehensive strengthening and toughening， a backbone material system of titanium alloys for Chinese aircraft structures with independent intellectual property rights has been initially established， covering three series of damage-tolerant titanium alloys： medium-high strength and high toughness，high strength and high toughness， and ultra-high strength and high toughness. Meanwhile，to meet the dual requirements of lightweight and cost-effective aeronautical structures，a new type of medium-high strength and high toughness，low-cost damage-tolerant titanium alloy and its application technology have been successfully developed. This development achieves the collaborative optimization of strength and toughness and the optimal performance matching of three typical microstructures of the alloy，providing a new approach for the lightweight design and engineering application of aeronautical structures. Future research should further integrate cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence-assisted material design and additive manufacturing， strengthen basic theoretical research and engineering verification， and lay a solid theoretical foundation and provide technical support for the further enhancement of performance and wide-scale engineering application of high-performance damage-tolerant titanium alloy materials in China.

关键词

航空结构用钛合金 / 损伤容限 / 显微组织 / 综合强韧化 / 力学性能

Key words

titanium alloy materials for aeronautical structures / damage tolerance / microstructure / comprehensive strengthening and toughening / mechanical property

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