变形高温合金及其制备工艺研究进展

Research progress of wrought superalloys and preparation processing

摘要

本文综述了近十余年本课题组在变形高温合金及其制备工艺方面开展的研究工作。一方面为航空航天用变形高温合金，包括用于 750 ℃ 以上的高强度难变形高温合金、兼具结构与功能特性的新一代低膨胀高温合金、高温高强紧固件用变形高温合金等，阐述这些新材料的组织特征与典型性能；另一方面为核反应堆用变形高温合金，介绍耐腐蚀抗辐照的高温核结构材料的研制进展与组织性能特点。同时，介绍变形高温合金细晶均质棒材热挤压开坯工艺、空心薄壁长轴类锻件热挤压成形工艺等先进技术的研究进展。最后，对我国变形高温合金材料研发、工艺技术发展及产业前景进行展望：（1）构建自主正向研发体系；（2）突破全流程稳定化制备技术；（3）拓展跨领域应用；（4）深化返回料规模化再生利用。

Abstract

This paper reviews the research work carried out by the research group on wrought superalloys and their preparation processes over the past more than ten years. On one hand，regarding wrought superalloys for aerospace applications，including high-strength hard-to-deform superalloys serving above 750 ℃，a new generation of low-expansion superalloys with both structural and functional properties， and wrought superalloys for high-strength fasteners at elevated temperatures， the microstructural characteristics and typical properties of these new materials are elaborated. On the other hand，in terms of wrought superalloys for nuclear reactors， the research progress and microstructural and performance characteristics of corrosion-resistant and irradiation-resistant high-temperature nuclear structural materials are introduced. Meanwhile， the research progress of advanced technologies such as the hot extrusion cogging process for fine-grained and homogeneous wrought superalloy bars and the hot extrusion forming process for hollow thin-walled long shaft forgings is presented. Finally， the research and development of wrought superalloys， process technology advancement， and industrial prospects in China are prospected： (1) establish an independent forward research and development system； (2) break through the full-process stable preparation technology； (3) expand cross-domain applications；(4) promote the large-scale recycling of returned materials.

关键词

变形高温合金 / 热挤压开坯 / 空心锻件热挤压 / 微观组织

Key words

wrought superalloy / hot extrusion breakdown / hollow forging hot extrusion / microstructure

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基金资助

工业与信息化部新材料重大专项(2024ZD0600500)

工业与信息化部新材料重大专项(2025ZD0608702)

工业与信息化部新材料重大专项(2025ZD0608402)