金属基高温减摩耐磨复合涂层研究进展

Progress in high-temperature metal-matrix friction-reducing and wear-resistant composite coatings

摘要

在摩擦副表面制备金属基高温减摩耐磨复合涂层是提高高温工况下工件服役寿命、稳定性和可靠性的有效途径，在航空航天领域受到广泛关注。本文综述金属基高温减摩耐磨复合涂层的研究进展，重点归纳其性能需求、组分与结构设计、典型体系、摩擦磨损性能机制及优化方法。归纳并分析典型金属基高温减摩耐磨复合涂层在室温至 1000 ℃范围内的摩擦因数与磨损率，总结涂层在不同温度段的摩擦磨损机制演变规律，低温段以磨粒刻划及黏着转移为主，随温度升高逐渐转变为氧化剥落及摩擦氧化层的形成。目前涂层设计及性能优化的主要方法是通过经验设计及试错法对硬质相、润滑相成分进行调整。近年来，基于数据驱动的机器学习方法逐渐成为涂层成分设计与性能优化的新方向。

Abstract

Fabricating metal-matrix high-temperature friction-reducing and wear-resistant composite coatings on the surface of tribo-pairs represents an effective strategy to improve the service life，stability and reliability of mechanical components under high-temperature conditions，and has thus received extensive attention in the aerospace industry. This article provides a review of the advancements in metal-matrix high-temperature friction-reducing and wear-resistant composite coatings，with emphasis on their performance requirements，compositional and structural design，typical coating systems，friction and wear mechanisms，and optimization methods. The coefficients of friction and wear rates of typical coatings across a temperature range from room temperature to 1000 ℃ are summarized and analyzed，and the evolution of their wear mechanisms with increasing temperature is concluded：at low temperatures，abrasive grooving and adhesive transfer dominate；as temperature increases，the mechanism gradually shifts to oxidative delamination and the formation of a tribo-oxide layer. Currently，the design and optimization of the coatings mainly depend on empirical design and trial-and-error method through adjusting the compositions of hard phases and lubricating phases. In recent years，data-driven machine learning methods have emerged as a new direction for coating composition design and performance optimization.

关键词

金属基复合涂层 / 高温 / 减摩耐磨 / 摩擦学性能 / 摩擦磨损机制

Key words

metal-matrix composite coating / high temperature / friction-reducing and wear-resistance / tribological performance / friction and wear mechanism

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基金资助

轻型涡轮动力全国重点实验室开放基金(GZJJ-KF-2025-13)

清华大学高端装备界面科学与技术全国重点实验室自主研究课题(SKLT2025Z07)