单晶高温合金研究进展

Review of progress on single crystal superalloy

摘要

单晶高温合金因其优越的高温强度、抗氧化性能、组织稳定性和良好的工艺性能等综合优势，成为航空发动机、燃气轮机的涡轮叶片和导向叶片的关键制备材料。单晶高温合金在高温、复杂应力及氧化环境下服役，其成分复杂、设计方法不完善、变形机理复杂多变、制造流程长且成本昂贵，因此单晶高温合金各方面的研究受到持续关注，在新方法和新技术的支持下取得大量成果。本文综述近年来单晶高温合金在合金研制、设计方法、变形机理、制备工艺等方面的研究进展，并对单晶高温合金后续研究及替代材料的发展情况进行简单介绍。

Abstract

Single-crystal superalloys serve as the pivotal materials for blades and vanes of aeroengines and industrial gas turbines，as they display superior capability at high-temperature，complex-stress，and oxidative environments with microstructural stability balanced with excellent process performance. Furthermore，these alloys exhibit complex compositions and are associated with high costs，while their design methodologies remain relatively underdeveloped，they exhibit complicate deformation mechanism and manufacture process. Hence, much effort is paid to the related research on single crystal superalloy, and many results are obtained based on the new methods and new techniques. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in alloy development，design methods，deformation mechanisms and fabrication processes. Additionally，it offers a brief overview of future research directions for single crystal superalloys and potential alternative materials.

关键词

单晶高温合金 / 成分设计 / 变形机理 / 制备工艺

Key words

single crystal superalloy / composition design / deformation mechanism / fabrication process

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(92360302)