激光冲击复合升温离子注入提升TC6钛合金微动疲劳性能

Laser shock peening combined with temperature-increasing ion implantation improves fretting fatigue performance of TC6 titanium alloy

摘要

针对单一表面强化技术难以同时解决钛合金微动疲劳失效中裂纹萌生与扩展的问题，采用前置激光冲击强化与升温氮离子注入复合工艺对TC6钛合金进行表面强化。通过X射线衍射应力仪分别测试未处理态、300 ℃氮离子注入态、激光冲击态及复合强化态试样的残余应力分布，并利用自主设计的面接触微动疲劳试验平台考核钛合金试件微动疲劳寿命，利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对断口及裂纹源区磨痕进行表征。结果表明，复合强化兼具高硬度氮化层与深梯度残余压应力场，残余压应力影响深度约1.4 mm。复合强化试样平均微动疲劳寿命达2.98×10⁵周次。较未处理态、300 ℃下氮离子注入态及激光冲击态分别提升161.4%、108.4%和30.1%。断口分析表明，复合强化使微动接触区损伤机制由严重黏着磨损转变为以磨粒磨损为主，裂纹萌生显著延缓；深层残余压应力有效降低裂纹扩展速率。

Abstract

To address the challenge that a single surface strengthening technique is unable to simultaneously tackle the issues of crack initiation and propagation in the fretting fatigue failure of titanium alloys，a composite treatment involving initial laser shock peening followed by nitrogen ion implantation at 300 ℃ is employed to enhance the properties of TC6 titanium alloy. The residual stress distributions of four types of specimens，namely the untreated ones，those subjected to nitrogen ion implantation at 300 ℃，those treated with laser shock peening，and those receiving the composite treatment，are measured using an X-ray diffraction stress analyzer. The fretting fatigue life of the titanium alloy specimens is assessed on a self-designed surface-contact fretting fatigue testing rig. The fracture surfaces and wear scars at the crack initiation zones are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results demonstrate that the composite treatment creates both a high-hardness nitrided layer and a deep gradient residual compressive stress field，with the residual compressive stress extending to a depth of approximately 1.4 mm. The average fretting fatigue life of the specimens subjected to the composite treatment reaches 2.98×10⁵ cycles，which is 161.4%，108.4%，and 30.1% higher than that of the untreated specimens，those implanted with nitrogen ions at 300 ℃，and those treated with laser shock peening，respectively. Fracture analysis reveals that the composite strengthening transforms the damage mechanism in the fretting contact area from severe adhesive wear to predominantly abrasive wear，significantly postponing crack initiation. Meanwhile，the deep residual compressive stress effectively reduces the crack propagation rate.

关键词

激光冲击强化 / 升温氮离子注入 / TC6钛合金 / 微动疲劳 / 残余应力

Key words

laser shock peening / temperature-increasing nitrogen ion implantation / TC6 titanium alloy / fretting fatigue / residual stress

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