负泊松比复合材料层合板结构的设计、制备与力学响应研究进展

Research progress on design, fabrication, and mechanical response of auxetic composite laminated plate structures

摘要

随着航空航天、防护结构及交通运输等领域对轻量化、高损伤容限结构需求的日益增长，负泊松比（auxetic）效应为复合材料层合板的功能化设计提供了创新范式。区别于依赖微结构胞元几何变形的传统负泊松比材料，复合材料层合板可通过调控材料各向异性、铺层构型、增强相梯度分布及层间耦合机制，实现面内或面外的等效负泊松比效应。本文系统综述负泊松比复合材料层合板在预测设计、实验制备及力学响应分析领域的最新进展。首先，阐述了经典层合板理论、三维弹性常数模型、多尺度有限元均匀化方法，以及基于层合参数、极表示法与智能优化算法的铺层设计方法，并总结了对应的实验制备及全场应变表征技术。随后，重点剖析了负泊松比效应对关键力学响应的耦合调控机制：在动力学行为中，负泊松比效应与刚度重构、剪切变形及几何非线性深度耦合；在屈曲与热屈曲行为中，其增稳效应高度依赖于边界约束、载荷形式及横向-面内力转换机制；在冲击动力学中，面外负泊松比倾向于提升局部接触刚度与抗压陷性能，而面内负泊松比则侧重于对应力场分布与损伤扩展路径的调控。最后，本文针对多目标铺层优化、负泊松比效应与刚度参数的机制解耦以及向复杂工程板壳结构迁移等发展方向进行了展望，旨在为高性能多功能复合材料层合板的工程应用提供理论指导。

Abstract

The increasing demand for lightweight structures with high damage tolerance in aerospace， protective systems， and transportation has driven the development of advanced composite laminated plates. The negative Poisson’s ratio effect，commonly referred to as the auxetic effect，offers a promising avenue for functional design. Unlike conventional auxetic materials that rely on geometric deformation of microstructural unit cells，composite laminated plates can achieve equivalent in-plane or out-of-plane negative Poisson’s ratio effects through material anisotropy， layup configuration， reinforcement distribution， and interlaminar coupling. This paper reviews recent advances in the design，fabrication，and mechanical response of auxetic composite laminated plates. Predictive design methods are first summarized， including classical laminate theory， three-dimensional elastic constant models， multiscale finite element homogenization， lamination parameters， polar representation， and intelligent optimization algorithms. Experimental fabrication techniques and full-field strain measurement methods are then discussed. The coupling mechanisms between the auxetic effect and key mechanical responses are subsequently analyzed. In dynamic behavior，the auxetic effect alters the stiffness characteristics of laminated structures and couples with shear deformation and geometric nonlinearity. In buckling and thermal buckling behavior， its stabilizing influence is strongly dependent on boundary conditions， loading configurations，and the interplay between transverse deformation and in-plane forces. In impact response，the out-of-plane negative Poisson’s ratio is more closely associated with local contact stiffness and indentation resistance，whereas the in-plane negative Poisson’s ratio primarily affects stress redistribution and damage propagation. The review demonstrates that the mechanical advantages of auxetic composite laminated plates are not dominated solely by the Poisson’s ratio； they are governed by the synergistic effects of layup design，stiffness coupling，reinforcement distribution，boundary conditions，and loading modes. Future research should emphasize multi-objective layup optimization，decoupling auxetic effects from stiffness parameters，and extending current design methodologies to complex engineering plate and shell structures. This review serves as a valuable reference for the design and application of high-performance multifunctional composite laminated plates.

关键词

复合材料层合板结构 / 负泊松比效应 / 构型设计与制备 / 力学响应调控

Key words

laminated composite plate structure / auxetic effect / structural design and fabrication / mechanical response regulation

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(12102214)

宁波市科技创新2025重大专项(2022Z209)

宁波市自然科学基金(2022J128，2022J090)

宁波大学高等级科技项目培育(GJPY2025020)