减重代谢手术中处理食管裂孔疝中国专家共识(2025版)
中国医师协会外科医师分会肥胖和代谢病外科专家工作组 , 北京市医师协会减重与代谢专科医师委员会 , 国家卫生健康委能力建设和继续教育外科学专家委员会减重与代谢专业委员会
中国普通外科杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12) : 2520 -2527.
减重代谢手术中处理食管裂孔疝中国专家共识(2025版)
Chinese expert consensus on the management of hiatal hernia in metabolic bariatric surgery (2025 edition)
食管裂孔疝(HH)在肥胖人群中高发,且与胃食管反流病(GERD)密切相关,是减重代谢手术(MBS)中常见且需重点处理的合并症。目前针对肥胖患者合并不同类型HH的诊疗策略尚缺乏统一规范。为提高我国MBS术中HH处理的规范化和同质化水平,中国医师协会外科医师分会肥胖和代谢病外科专家工作组联合多学会组织93位国内专家,基于最新循证证据与临床经验,就术前评估、术中诊断与鉴别、是否游离胃食管结合部周围组织、同期修补策略、不同HH分型下的术式选择及残胃固定等12个核心问题形成专家共识。本共识旨在为肥胖症合并HH患者接受MBS时的诊断分型、术式选择与术中处理提供循证参考,并指出当前证据仍有限,未来需开展更多高质量研究以进一步优化相关诊疗规范。
Hiatal hernia (HH) is highly prevalent in individuals with obesity and is closely associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), making it a common and clinically important comorbidity in metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS). Currently, standardized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for obese patients with different types of HH remain lacking. To improve the standardization and consistency of HH management during MBS in China, the Chinese Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, together with multiple academic societies, organized 93 national experts to develop a consensus based on the latest evidence and clinical experience. The consensus addresses 12 key issues, including preoperative evaluation, intraoperative diagnosis and differentiation, the necessity of dissecting tissues around the gastroesophageal junction, strategies for concomitant repair, procedure selection according to HH subtype, and reinforcement or fixation of the gastric sleeve. This consensus aims to provide evidence-based guidance for diagnosis, classification, procedure selection, and intraoperative management of HH in obese patients undergoing MBS. It also highlights the current limitations in available evidence and emphasizes the need for further high-quality studies to optimize future clinical guidelines.
关键问题1:术前胃镜提示HH的患者,应进一步行上腹部CT和(或)上消化道造影(upper gastrointestinal contrast,UGI)检查,以进一步明确诊断及分型(专家投票同意率:98.92%,92/93)。
关键问题2:术中腹腔镜探查主要观察腹段食管与食管裂孔之间有无凹陷、GEJ是否移位、疝入胸腔内组织、器官等,并对HH进行分型(专家投票同意率:98.92%,92/93)。
关键问题3:有明确的反酸、胃灼热症状(GerdQ评分≥8),但胃镜未提示反流性食管炎和HH;术前CT和(或)UGI未提示HH;术中腹腔镜探查没有明确的HH,不建议游离GEJ周围韧带及筋膜组织进一步探查食管裂孔(专家投票同意率:95.70%,89/93)。
关键问题4:术前胃镜提示反流性食管炎LA分级A级或B级,但胃镜未提示HH;术前CT和(或)UGI未提示HH;术中腹腔镜探查没有明确的HH,不建议游离GEJ周围韧带及筋膜组织进一步探查食管裂孔(专家投票同意率:94.62%,88/93)。
关键问题5:术前胃镜提示反流性食管炎LA分级C级或D级,但未提示HH;CT和(或)UGI也未提示HH者,建议术前进行食管反流监测及食管高分辨率测压。如果术中腹腔镜探查也没有明确的HH,不建议游离GEJ周围韧带及筋膜组织进一步探查食管裂孔(专家投票同意率:86.02%,80/93)。
关键问题6:术前胃镜提示Barrett食管,但未提示HH,建议术前行胃镜同时取病理排除恶变;不论术前CT、UGI检查及术中腹腔镜探查有无HH,建议选择RYGB(专家投票同意率:81.72%,76/93)。
关键问题7:术前胃镜提示HH,CT和(或)UGI未提示HH,应以术中腹腔镜探查为主,术中没有明确的HH证据情况下,不建议游离GEJ周围韧带及筋膜组织进一步探查食管裂孔(专家投票同意率:89.25%,83/93)。
关键问题8:术中腹腔镜探查明确HH时,应根据HH分型选择具体术式(专家投票同意率:98.92%,92/93)。
关键问题9:术前胃镜反流性食管炎LA分级A级或B级,术前CT检查GEJ没有明显的移位,SG术中腹腔镜探查明确Ⅰ型HH,同期行HHR有一定的临床获益(专家投票同意率:93.55%,87/93)。
关键问题10:术前胃镜反流性食管炎LA分级A级或B级,术前CT检查GEJ没有明显的移位,RYGB中探查明确Ⅰ型HH,建议慎重同期行HHR(专家投票同意率:83.87%,78/93)。
关键问题11:术前CT检查GEJ没有明显的移位,术中腹腔镜探查明确Ⅰ型HH,进行SG时,建议残胃切缘与大网膜(复位)或与胰腺被膜、结肠系膜缝合固定,以预防或减少残胃上移(专家投票同意率:86.02%,80/93)。
关键问题12:MBS中腹腔镜探查明确的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型HH,RYGB可能是更好的术式选择(专家投票同意率:92.47%,86/93)。
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四大慢病重大专项基金资助项目(2025ZD0550500)
四大慢病重大专项基金资助项目(2025ZD0550502)
国家重点研发计划基金资助项目(2022YFC2505204)
湖南省卫生健康委员会重大专项基金资助项目(20257588)
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