维持性血液透析患者死亡的独立危险因素分析及列线图模型的构建
Analysis of independent risk factors for death in patients on maintenance hemodialysis and construction of a predictive nomogram model
目的 分析维持性血液透析(MHD)患者死亡的独立危险因素,并构建列线图模型以预测死亡风险,为临床干预提供依据。 方法 选取2019年4月—2024年4月在天津市北辰医院进行血液透析的280例患者为研究对象。根据患者临床结局分为死亡组(74例)与存活组(206例)。收集患者一般资料(年龄、性别、体质量指数、高血压史、糖尿病史、冠心病史、心力衰竭史、脑血管疾病史、外周血管疾病史、透析时间等)、首次透析前48 h内实验室指标[血钙、血磷、血钾、血钠、血氯、血镁、血铁、血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、血清甲状旁腺激素、血尿素氮、血肌酐、β2微球蛋白、估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、脑钠肽(BNP)]、首次血液透析住院时超声心动图检查指标[左心房直径(LAD)、左心室后壁厚度(LCPW)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)]。采用多因素逐步Cox回归模型分析MHD患者死亡的影响因素并构建列线图模型。 结果 死亡组的年龄、血氯、TC、β2微球蛋白、eGFR、CRP、BNP、主动脉钙化、LAD均高于存活组(P <0.05),血磷、血钾、血铁、转铁蛋白饱、血清白蛋白、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血肌酐、血尿素氮均低于存活组(P <0.05)。多因素逐步Cox回归分析结果表明,血钾高[H^R=0.530(95% CI:0.319,0.880)]、血铁高[H^R=0.854(95% CI:0.752,0.971)]、血肌酐高[H^R=0.994(95% CI:0.991,0.997)]均为MHD患者死亡的保护因素(P <0.05);eGFR[H^R=1.112(95% CI:1.009,1.226)]、BNP[H^R=1.004(95% CI:1.001,1.007)]均为MHD患者死亡的危险因素(P <0.05)。 结论 确定了MHD患者的死亡危险因素,并通过构建列线图模型有效预测了患者的生存情况,帮助临床医生更好地理解死亡风险,从而优化治疗策略,改善患者预后。
Objective To identify independent risk factors for mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and develop a predictive nomogram model. Methods A retrospective analysis included 280 MHD patients treated between April 2019 and April 2024. Patients were categorized into death (n = 74) and survival (n = 206) groups. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, dialysis vintage, pre-dialysis laboratory parameters (electrolytes, hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, PTH, urea, creatinine, β2-microglobulin, eGFR, CRP, lipids, BNP), and initial dialysis echocardiography (LAD, LCPW, LVDd). Cox proportional hazards regression identified mortality risk factors, and a nomogram was constructed. Results The death group had higher age, chloride, TC, β2-microglobulin, eGFR, CRP, BNP, aortic calcification prevalence, and LAD (P < 0.05), and lower phosphate, potassium, iron, transferrin saturation, albumin, LDL-C, creatinine, and urea nitrogen (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis identified high potassium [H^R = 0.530 (95% CI: 0.319, 0.880) ], high iron [H^R = 0.854 (95% CI: 0.752, 0.971) ], and high creatinine [H^R = 0.994 (95% CI: 0.991, 0.997) ] as protective factors, while high eGFR [H^R = 1.112 (95% CI: 1.009, 1.226) ] and high BNP [H^R = 1.004 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.007) ] were independent risk factors for death (P < 0.05). Conclusion Key factors influencing MHD mortality were identified. The nomogram model effectively predicts survival, aiding clinicians in risk assessment and treatment optimization.
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天津市科技计划项目(22KPHDRC00040)
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