感染性心内膜炎患者术后院内死亡危险因素分析及其预测价值
钟灵秀 , 高树联 , 宋亚敏 , 庄森培 , 雷黎明
中国现代医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (21) : 59 -65.
感染性心内膜炎患者术后院内死亡危险因素分析及其预测价值
Analysis of risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with infective endocarditis after surgery and their predictive value
目的 分析感染性心内膜炎(IE)患者术后院内死亡的危险因素,为临床提供改善疾病进程和预后的决策依据,同时进一步完善现有IE预后评估体系。 方法 回顾性分析2019年1月—2021年3月在广东省人民医院确诊IE并行手术治疗的225例患者的临床资料,按照预后情况,分为死亡组12例和对照组213例。比较两组患者的术前因素、术中因素和术后因素;采用多因素向后逐步Logistic回归模型分析IE患者术后院内死亡的危险因素;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线。 结果 225例IE患者术后院内死亡12例(5.3%)。血培养阳性51例(22.7%),均属革兰阳性菌,其中链球菌38例(74.5%)、葡萄球菌7例(13.7%)、肠球菌4例(7.8%)、缺陷乏氧菌1例(2.0%)、空气罗斯菌1例(2.0%)。死亡组与对照组的性别构成、年龄、体重、吸烟史占比、家族史占比、高血压占比、糖尿病占比、脑血管疾病占比、心外科手术史占比、入院前使用抗生素史占比、主动脉瓣周脓肿占比、合并先天性心脏病占比、血培养阳性占比、CRP水平、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、CK-MB水平、赘生物直径、左室舒张期末直径、左室射血分数、主动脉阻断时间、使用人工瓣膜占比、赘生物培养阳性占比、抗生素使用时间、住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05)。死亡组术前心力衰竭占比、术前BNP水平、术前PCT水平、二次IE手术占比、体外循环时间、累及多个瓣膜占比、肺部感染占比、CRRT占比、IABP辅助占比、重插管占比、呼吸机使用时间、ICU停留时间均高于对照组(P <0.05)。多因素向后逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示:累及多个瓣膜[O^R =3.216(95% CI:1.144,9.040)]、肺部感染[O^R =4.926(95% CI: 2.132,11.380)]、IABP辅助[O^R =2.112(95% CI:1.205,3.703)]、二次IE手术[O^R =1.870(95% CI: 1.007,3.474)]是IE术后院内死亡的独立危险因素(P <0.05)。建立回归方程:Logit(P) =-5.984+1.594×肺部感染+1.168×累及多个瓣膜+0.626×二次IE手术+0.748×IABP辅助;ROC曲线分析结果显示,该模型联合预测的曲线下面积为0.967(95% CI:0.913,1.000),敏感性为91.7%(95% CI:0.646,0.985),特异性为96.2%(95% CI:0.706,1.000)。 结论 二次IE手术、手术累及多个瓣膜、术后肺部感染、术后需要IABP辅助治疗均为IE患者术后院内死亡的危险因素;对比单个预测因子,模型联合对IE患者术后院内死亡的预测价值更高。
Objective To analyze the predictive factors for in-hospital mortality after surgery in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) and provide healthcare professionals with opportunities to alter disease progression and improve prognosis. This study also aims to add value to existing factors known to affect the prognosis of IE. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 225 patients diagnosed with IE and treated surgically at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to March 2021. Patients were divided into a death group (n = 12) and a control group (n = 213) based on their outcomes. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Results Of the 225 IE patients, 12 (5.3%) died postoperatively. The median age was 49 years (range 35-59), and 180 patients (80%) were male. Blood cultures were positive in 51 cases (22.7%), all of which were Gram-positive bacteria, including 38 cases of streptococcus (74.5%), 7 cases of staphylococcus (13.7%), 4 cases of enterococcus (7.8%), 1 case of defective anaerobe (2.0%), and 1 case of Aeribacillus aerius (2.0%). Preoperative heart failure, preoperative BNP levels, preoperative PCT levels, reoperation for IE, cardiopulmonary bypass time, involvement of multiple valves, pulmonary infection, CRRT, IABP support, duration of ventilator use, reintubation, and ICU stay were significantly different between the death group and the control group (P < 0.05). These factors were higher in the death group compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in gender, age, smoking history, family history, weight, hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, congenital heart disease, history of cardiac surgery, antibiotic use before admission, positive blood culture, CRP levels, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, CKMB levels, aortic root abscess, vegetation diameter, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, aortic cross-clamp time, use of artificial valves, positive vegetation culture, and antibiotic use time (P > 0.05). Multivariate backward stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that involvement of multiple valves [O^R = 3.216 (95% CI: 1.144, 9.040)], pulmonary infection [O^R = 4.926 (95% CI: 2.132, 11.380)], IABP support [O^R = 2.112 (95% CI: 1.205, 3.703)], and reoperation for IE [O^R = 1.870 (95% CI: 1.007,3.474)] were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality after IE surgery (P < 0.05). The regression equation was Logit(P) = -5.984 + 1.594 × pulmonary infection + 1.168 × involvement of multiple valves + 0.626 × reoperation for IE + 0.748 × IABP support. The ROC curve showed that the combined prediction model had an AUC of 0.967 (95% CI: 0.931, 1.000) ,sensitivity of 0.917 (95% CI: 0.646, 0.985), and specificity of 0.962 (95% CI: 0.706, 1.000). Conclusion Reoperation for IE, involvement of multiple valves, postoperative pulmonary infection, and postoperative need for IABP support increase the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with IE. Compared to individual predictors, the application value of the combined prediction model is higher in clinical practice.
| [1] |
MIAO H H, ZHANG Y H, ZHANG Y Q, et al. Update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of infective endocarditis: a review[J]. Trends Cardiovasc Med, 2024, 34(8): 499-506. |
| [2] |
汤黎黎, 黎学明, 雷黎明, 感染性心内膜炎患者外科术后发生ICU时间延长的危险因素[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(20): 2854-2859. |
| [3] |
HABIB G, LANCELLOTTI P, ANTUNES M J, et al. 2015 ESC guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: the task force for the management of infective endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)[J]. Eur Heart J, 2015, 36(44): 3075-3128. |
| [4] |
席常青, 梁法禹, 卫华, 感染性心内膜炎延迟诊断的影响因素研究[J]. 中国现代医学杂志, 2023, 33(10): 55-58. |
| [5] |
贺继刚, 李永武, 桂龙升, 感染性心内膜炎患者手术死亡相关风险因素研究[J]. 中国急救医学, 2019, 39(1): 12-15. |
| [6] |
殷征, 王梦龙, 张记收, 1990-2019年中国感染性心内膜炎疾病负担及危险因素研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(医学版), 2023, 44(12): 1482-1488. |
| [7] |
黄沛森, 薛睿聪, 何建桂, 一例主动脉瓣感染性心内膜炎致瓣膜赘生物患者的综合诊治[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(21): 3113-3118. |
| [8] |
OTTO C M, NISHIMURA R A, BONOW R O, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines[J]. Circulation, 2021, 143(5): e35-e71. |
| [9] |
ANANTHA NARAYANAN M, MAHFOOD HADDAD T, KALIL A C, et al. Early versus late surgical intervention or medical management for infective endocarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Heart, 2016, 102(12): 950-957. |
| [10] |
SONG T X, SUN Y D, ZHANG B F, et al. Multivariate and survival analysis of prognosis and surgical benefits in infective endocarditis[J]. Scand Cardiovasc J, 2025, 59(1): 2429994. |
| [11] |
ONG L T, LOW F J K. Incidence and predictive factors of mortality of infective endocarditis in adults with congenital heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int J Cardiol, 2024, 410: 132237. |
| [12] |
CALDONAZO T, HAGEL S, DOENST T, et al. Conservative versus surgical therapy in patients with infective endocarditis and surgical indication-meta-analysis of reconstructed time-to-event data[J]. J Am Heart Assoc, 2024, 13(7): e033404. |
| [13] |
陈宗辉, 励峰. 成人感染性心内膜炎的外科诊治进展[J]. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2018, 34(3): 188-192. |
| [14] |
ALPERT J S, KLOTZ S A, SIMON H B. Infective endocarditis: an update[J]. Am J Med, 2025, 138(4): 589-590. |
| [15] |
NJUGUNA B, GARDNER A, KARWA R, et al. Infective endocarditis in low- and middle-income countries[J]. Cardiol Clin, 2017, 35(1): 153-163. |
| [16] |
AI S X, LIU X P, ZHAO N, et al. Risk factors of infective endocarditis-associated acute kidney injury: benefits of low-dose amikacin and surgery[J]. Ann Med, 2025, 57(1): 2482023. |
| [17] |
郑雅文, 李春杨, 颜学兵. 感染性心内膜炎病原菌及死亡危险因素分析[J]. 医学研究杂志, 2022, 51(6): 151-155. |
| [18] |
VARELA BARCA L, NAVAS ELORZA E, FERNÁNDEZ-HIDALGO N, et al. Prognostic factors of mortality after surgery in infective endocarditis: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Infection, 2019, 47(6): 879-895. |
| [19] |
凌友鹏, 陈旭良, 陈迎吉, 感染性心内膜炎患者术后早期死亡的危险因素[J]. 中南大学学报(医学版), 2020, 45(12): 1403-1411. |
| [20] |
TZOUMAS A, ARFARAS-MELAINIS A, LOUFOPOULOS I, et al. Risk factors of all-cause mortality after surgically-treated infective endocarditis: a meta-analysis of hazard ratios[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2021, 77(18_Supplement_1): 1774. |
| [21] |
HABIB G, ERBA P A, IUNG B, et al. Clinical presentation, aetiology and outcome of infective endocarditis. Results of the ESC-EORP EURO-ENDO (European infective endocarditis) registry: a prospective cohort study[J]. Eur Heart J, 2019, 40(39): 3222-3232. |
| [22] |
FERNÁNDEZ HIDALGO N, GHARAMTI A A, AZNAR M L, et al. Beta-hemolytic streptococcal infective endocarditis: characteristics and outcomes from a large, multinational cohort[J]. Open Forum Infect Dis, 2020, 7(5): ofaa120. |
| [23] |
FOSBØL E L, PARK L P, CHU V H, et al. The association between vegetation size and surgical treatment on 6-month mortality in left-sided infective endocarditis[J]. Eur Heart J, 2019, 40(27): 2243-2251. |
| [24] |
GACA J G, SHENG S B, DANESHMAND M A, et al. Outcomes for endocarditis surgery in North America: a simplified risk scoring system[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2011, 141(1): 98-106.e1. |
| [25] |
DEBAS S A, ZELEKE M E, MERSHA A T, et al. Evaluation of ventilator-associated pneumonia care practice in the intensive care units of a comprehensive specialized hospital in Northwest Ethiopia: a 1.5-year prospective observational study[J]. BMC Anesthesiol, 2024, 24(1): 361. |
| [26] |
DELGADO V, AJMONE MARSAN N, de WAHA S, et al. 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of endocarditis[J]. Eur Heart J, 2023, 44(39): 3948-4042. |
| [27] |
TOYODA N, CHIKWE J, ITAGAKI S, et al. Trends in infective endocarditis in California and New York state, 1998-2013[J]. JAMA, 2017, 317(16): 1652-1660. |
| [28] |
HANDA K, YOSHIOKA D, TODA K, et al. Surgical results for infective endocarditis complicated with cardiogenic shock[J]. Circ J, 2020, 84(6): 926-934. |
国家自然科学基金(82270308)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |