慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭患者院内感染病原菌的耐药特征与危险因素分析
高晓雪 , 刘保珠 , 李燕 , 张晓雷 , 刘洁 , 曹珊
中国现代医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (03) : 84 -90.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭患者院内感染病原菌的耐药特征与危险因素分析
Analysis of resistance characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial pathogens in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by respiratory failure
目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并呼吸衰竭患者院内感染病原菌的耐药特征及其相关危险因素,优化临床医生对该群体的感染管理与治疗策略。 方法 回顾性选取2021年7月—2024年7月北京中医医院怀柔医院198例COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者的临床资料。根据患者是否并发呼吸机相关性肺炎分为肺炎组(86例)与非肺炎组(112例)。比较两组患者相关实验室指标水平。统计并分析肺炎患者病原菌分布情况及耐药性情况。采用多因素一般Logistic回归模型分析COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者发生院内感染的影响因素。 结果 肺炎组血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、酸性α-糖蛋白(AAG)、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、降钙素原(PCT)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、核因子κ(NF-κB)水平均高于非肺炎组(P <0.05)。肺炎组共检出病原菌237株,以革兰阴性菌为主(59.49%),其中铜绿假单胞菌占比最高(35.46%);革兰阳性菌占22.36%,以金黄色葡萄球菌为主(52.83%)。主要革兰阴性菌(铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌)对头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟等头孢类抗菌药物耐药率较高,对美罗培南、亚胺培南耐药率较低;主要革兰阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌)对红霉素、氨苄西林耐药率较高,对万古霉素、利奈唑胺耐药率较低。多因素一般Logistic回归分析结果显示,IL-6水平高[O^R =3.436(95% CI:1.097,10.762)]、TNF-α水平高[O^R =4.398(95% CI:1.023,18.908)]、AAG水平高[O^R =3.316(95% CI:1.068,10.296)]、SAA水平高[O^R =2.984(95% CI:1.135,7.845)]、PCT水平高[O^R =2.801(95% CI:1.047,7.493)]、TLR4水平高[O^R =2.801(95% CI:1.047,7.493)]、NF-κB水平高[O^R =4.066(95% CI:1.184,13.963)]均为COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者发生院内感染的危险因素(P <0.05)。 结论 COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者院内感染的病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,且显示出显著的耐药性。早期准确的病原菌识别及耐药性分析对于制订有效的抗感染治疗策略至关重要。
Objective To clarify the drug resistance characteristics of nosocomial pathogenic bacteria and their related risk factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated by respiratory failure, so as to optimize clinical infection management and treatment strategies for this population. Methods A total of 198 patients with COPD complicated by respiratory failure admitted to our hospital from July 2021 to July 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. They were divided into the pneumonia group (86 cases) and non-pneumonia group (112 cases) based on the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Laboratory indicators were compared between the two groups. The distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the pneumonia group were statistically analyzed. multivariate logistic regression model analysis of influencing factors for hospital-acquired infections in COPD patients with respiratory failure. Results Serum IL-6, TNF-α, AAG, SAA, PCT, TLR4, and NF-κB levels in the pneumonia group were significantly higher than those in the non-pneumonia group (P < 0.05). A total of 237 pathogenic strains were detected in the pneumonia group, mostly Gram-negative bacteria (59.49%), with Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounting for the highest proportion (35.46%); Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 22.36%, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (52.83%). Main Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae) had relatively high resistance to cephalosporins (e.g., cefotaxime, cefepime) but low resistance to meropenem and imipenem. Main Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus) showed high resistance to erythromycin and ampicillin, but low resistance to vancomycin and linezolid. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that high IL-6[O^R = 3.436 (95% CI:1.097, 10.762)], TNF-α[O^R = 4.398 (95% CI:1.023, 18.908)], AAG[O^R = 3.316 (95% CI:1.068, 10.296)], SAA[O^R = 2.984 (95% CI:1.135, 7.845)], PCT[O^R = 2.801 (95% CI:1.047, 7.493)], TLR4[O^R = 2.801 (95% CI:1.047, 7.493)], and NF-κB[O^R = 4.066 (95% CI:1.184, 13.963)] levels were all independent risk factors for nosocomial infection in COPD patients with respiratory failure (P < 0.05). Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are the main nosocomial pathogens in patients with COPD complicated by respiratory failure, with significant drug resistance. Early and accurate identification of pathogens and analysis of their drug resistance are crucial for formulating effective anti-infection treatment strategies.
| [1] |
李冲, 于帆, 包勤文. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺部感染病原菌及耐药性研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2023, 49(6): 743-746. |
| [2] |
刘莹, 徐蕾, 毕薇, 某三甲医院慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者出院1年内再入院情况及影响因素分析[J]. 中华全科医学, 2023, 21(1): 70-72. |
| [3] |
陈孝谦, 齐保龙, 张鹏. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病肺部感染患者病原学分布特征及影响因素[J]. 公共卫生与预防医学, 2023, 34(2): 101-104. |
| [4] |
高锋, 马肖龙, 吕家瑜. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者肺部感染的病原菌及危险因素分析[J]. 中国现代医学杂志, 2021, 31(12): 18-22. |
| [5] |
周仟慧, 古满平, 任芯雨, 肺部感染对老年非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征患者院内主要不良心血管事件的影响[J]. 中国医药导报, 2024, 21(34): 113-118. |
| [6] |
林琳, 王婷, 董小鑫, 血清SAA及PGRN与TLR4对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发肺部感染的预测价值[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2024, 34(8): 1140-1144. |
| [7] |
欧华静, 程丽, 王静, 血清α1-AT、CD64感染指数、NE水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者病情程度及发生呼吸衰竭的关系[J]. 中国现代医学杂志, 2024, 34(14): 9-14. |
| [8] |
中华医学会呼吸病学分会感染学组. 中国成人医院获得性肺炎与呼吸机相关性肺炎诊断和治疗指南(2018年版)[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2018, 41(4): 255-280. |
| [9] |
中华医学会呼吸病学分会, 中国抗癌协会肿瘤呼吸病专业委员会, 北京肿瘤防治研究会. 免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎诊治和管理专家共识(2025)[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2025, 48(4): 329-343. |
| [10] |
中华人民共和国卫生部. 医院感染诊断标准(试行)[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2001, 81(5): 314-320. |
| [11] |
VESPER H W, MYERS G L, MILLER W G. Current practices and challenges in the standardization and harmonization of clinical laboratory tests[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2016,104 Suppl 3(Suppl 3): 907S-12S. |
| [12] |
CHEN J, WEI Y H, YANG W Q, et al. IL-6: the link between inflammation, immunity and breast cancer[J]. Front Oncol, 2022, 12: 903800. |
| [13] |
黄晓晨, 张永, 钱朝霞. 郑氏卧位康复操联合呼吸排痰阀对重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的疗效观察[J]. 中华全科医学, 2023, 21(2): 259-262. |
| [14] |
SUN S C, XUAN S, OUYANG M L, et al. Pulmonary toxicity assessment of tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors in the treatment of IBD: a real world study based on US food and drug administration adverse events reporting system (FAERS)[J/OL]. Expert Opin Drug Saf. (2024-12-20)[访问日期]. https://doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2024.2444580. |
| [15] |
MENG W M, CAO X T, SUN W Q, et al. A functional polymorphism at the miR‑491‑5p binding site in the 3'‑untranslated region of the MMP‑9 gene increases the risk of developing ventilator‑associated pneumonia[J]. Int J Mol Med, 2021, 48(6): 217. |
| [16] |
OCROSPOMA S, ANZUETO A, RESTREPO M I. Advancements and challenges in the management of pneumonia in elderly patients with COPD[J]. Expert Rev Respir Med, 2024, 18(12): 975-989. |
| [17] |
MOHANTY T, MILIČEVIĆ K, GÖTHERT H, et al. Balancing inflammation: the specific roles of serum amyloid A proteins in sterile and infectious diseases[J]. Front Immunol, 2025, 16: 1544085. |
| [18] |
MOU S, ZHANG W, DENG Y, et al. Comparison of CRP, procalcitonin, neutrophil counts, eosinophil counts, sTREM-1, and OPN between pneumonic and nonpneumonic exacerbations in COPD patients[J]. Can Respir J, 2022, 2022: 7609083. |
| [19] |
D'ANNA S E, DOSSENA F, GNEMMI I, et al. Bacterial load and related innate immune response in the bronchi of rapid decliners with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Respir Med, 2023, 215: 107297. |
| [20] |
WANG T, DU X H, WANG Z H, et al. p55PIK deficiency and its NH2-terminal derivative inhibit inflammation and emphysema in COPD mouse model[J]. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2021, 321(1): L159-L173. |
| [21] |
周洪青, 秦冉展, 严峻, 2022-2023年某医院慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺炎患者的病原菌分布特征及耐药性分析[J]. 武警医学, 2024, 35(10): 833-837. |
| [22] |
于蕾, 姜薇薇, 李吉明. 老年急性缺血性脑卒中合并重症肺炎患者病原菌分布与T细胞亚群改变及预后[J]. 中华老年多器官疾病杂志, 2024, 23(9): 655-658. |
| [23] |
丁剑, 周俊. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺炎患者的痰培养菌种分布及耐药性分析[J]. 实用临床医药杂志, 2023, 27(1): 60-63. |
| [24] |
吴俊, 张玲, 顾东伟, 单纯性支气管扩张症与支气管扩张症-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征患者的病原菌对比研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(6): 729-736. |
| [25] |
宋素莉, 贺英华, 陈丽娟. COPD并发吸入性CAP危险因素及病原菌分析[J]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2024, 17(2): 264-267. |
| [26] |
童林荣, 肖路生, 康美玲, 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者呼吸道感染致病菌分布及耐药性分析[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志, 2024, 19(11): 1349-1353. |
| [27] |
王丽, 崔琢, 郭普, 某综合性医院铜绿假单胞菌感染特点及耐药变迁[J]. 中华全科医学, 2023, 21(9): 1495-1497. |
北京市自然科学基金(7232284)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |