蜂毒磷脂酶A2的药理作用及其临床应用的研究进展
Research progress on pharmacological action and clinical applications of bee venom phospholipase A2
蜂毒是重要的生物医药资源,其核心组分之一分泌型第三组磷脂酶A2(以下简称蜂毒ⅢsPLA2)展现出复杂的生物学功能。蜂毒ⅢsPLA2既是引发Ⅰ型超敏反应的主要过敏原,又是一种具备广谱药理活性的多效分子。近年来研究揭示,蜂毒ⅢsPLA2通过酶活性依赖和非酶活性依赖(配体)两种模式,在机体内发挥关键作用,其核心机制在于通过诱导调节性T细胞分化,发挥强大的免疫调节与抗炎效应,在自身免疫性疾病、神经退行性疾病和器官损伤模型中显示出治疗潜力;此外,其还具备抗神经元损伤、抗肿瘤及抗感染等药理活性。该文系统综述了蜂毒ⅢsPLA2的分子特性、以免疫调节为核心的药理作用及其临床应用研究的最新进展,旨在为该分子的后续转化研究提供理论参考。
Bee venom is a significant bio-medical resource, and its core component, secretory Group Ⅲphospholipase A2 (sPLA2-Ⅲ), exhibits complex biological functions. It acts as both a primary allergen triggering Type I hypersensitivity reactions and a pleiotropic molecule with broad-spectrum pharmacological activities. Recent studies have revealed that bee venom sPLA2 exerts its effects in vivo through two distinct modes: enzyme activity-dependent and -independent (ligand) pathways. Its core mechanism lies in its potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, achieved by inducing the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). This has shown therapeutic potential in models of autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and organ damage. Furthermore, it possesses various other pharmacological activities, including anti-neuronal injury, anti-tumor, and anti-infective properties. This review systematically summarizes the molecular characteristics of bee venom sPLA2, its immunomodulation-centered pharmacological actions, and the latest progress in its clinical application research, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the future translational studies of this molecule.
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国家自然科学基金(82260230)
吉林省自然科学基金(YDZJ202201ZYTS218)
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