艾司氯胺酮麻醉诱导与维持对老年胃癌手术患者血流动力学和脑氧代谢的影响
付莉莉 , 赵金龙 , 张静 , 张满和 , 王英
中国现代医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (05) : 76 -82.
艾司氯胺酮麻醉诱导与维持对老年胃癌手术患者血流动力学和脑氧代谢的影响
Effects of esketamine induction and maintenance on hemodynamics and cerebral oxygen metabolism in elderly patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery
目的 探讨艾司氯胺酮麻醉诱导与维持对老年胃癌手术患者血流动力学和脑氧代谢的影响。 方法 选取2023年1月—2025年1月在唐山市工人医院接受胃癌手术的102例患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各51例。观察组麻醉诱导时持续静脉泵注0.25 mg/(kg·h)艾司氯胺酮,麻醉维持时静脉泵注0.25 mg/(kg·h)艾司氯胺酮至手术结束前30 min;对照组在相应时点给予等量生理盐水;其余所用麻醉诱导及维持药物两组相同。记录患者麻醉前(T0)、切皮时(T1)、手术开始15 min(T2)、手术结束时(T3)的心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP),比较两组患者的睁眼时间、拔管时间、PACU停留时间和术后住院时间;比较两组患者术前和术后24 h神经损伤生物标志物[中枢神经特异性蛋白β(S100β)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)]和脑氧代谢动力学参数[颈静脉血氧饱和度(SjvO2)、脑动静脉血氧含量差(Da-jvO2)、脑氧摄取率(CERO2)];记录不良反应发生情况。 结果 观察组与对照组术后T0、T1、T2、T3的MAP和HR比较,采用重复测量设计的方差分析, 结果 ①不同时间点的MAP、HR比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);②两组的MAP、HR比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),观察组MAP和HR更稳定;③两组MAP、HR的变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。观察组术后住院时间短于对照组(P <0.05)。观察组治疗后S100β、NSE均低于对照组(P <0.05);观察组治疗前后S100β、NSE的差值均小于对照组(P <0.05)。观察组治疗后SjvO2低于对照组,Da-jvO2、CERO2高于对照组(P <0.05);观察组治疗前后SjvO2、Da-jvO2、CERO2的差值均小于对照组(P <0.05)。观察组与对照组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。 结论 艾司氯胺酮麻醉诱导可有效维持老年胃癌手术患者术中血流动力学稳定,改善术后脑氧代谢,缩短术后住院时间,且未增加不良反应总发生率。
Objective To investigate the effects of esketamine induction and maintenance on hemodynamics and cerebral oxygen metabolism in elderly patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery. Methods A total of 102 patients scheduled for gastric cancer surgery at Tangshan Workers' Hospital between January 2023 and January 2025 were enrolled and randomly assigned to either an observation group or a control group (n = 51 each) using a random number table. Patients in the observation group received continuous intravenous infusion of esketamine at 0.25 mg/(kg·h) starting from anesthesia induction and maintained at the same rate until 30 minutes before the end of surgery. The control group received an equivalent volume of normal saline at the corresponding time points, while all other anesthetic induction and maintenance drugs were identical between the two groups. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at the following time points: before anesthesia (T0), at skin incision (T1), 15 minutes after surgery initiation (T2), and at the end of surgery (T3). Eye-opening time, extubation time, post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay duration, and postoperative hospital stay were compared. Neurological function markers [central nervous system-specific protein β (S100β), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) ] and cerebral metabolism parameters [jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2), cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference (Da-jvO2), cerebral oxygen extraction rate (CERO2) ] were measured before surgery and 24 hours postoperatively. Adverse reactions were also recorded. Results A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare MAP and HR between the two groups at T0, T1, T2, and T3. The results showed that: There were statistically significant differences in MAP and HR across different time points (P < 0.05); there were statistically significant differences in MAP and HR between the observation group and the control group (P < 0.05), with the observation group demonstrating more stable MAP and HR. the trends of change in MAP and HR over time were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). The postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the observation group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). At 24 hours postoperatively, the levels of S100β and NSE in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the changes in S100β and NSE levels from pre- to post-operation were also smaller in the observation group (P < 0.05). Similarly, at 24 hours postoperatively, the SjvO2 in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while the Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The changes in SjvO2, Da-jvO2, and CERO2 from pre- to post-operation were also more favorable in the observation group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in the overall incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Esketamine induction and maintenance helps maintain intraoperative hemodynamic stability, improves postoperative cerebral oxygen metabolism, shortens postoperative hospital stay, and does not increase the overall incidence of adverse reactions in elderly patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery.
| [1] |
USHIMARU Y, NAGANO S, NISHIKAWA K, et al. A comprehensive study on non-cancer-related mortality risk factors in elderly gastric cancer patients post-curative surgery[J]. BMC Gastroenterol, 2024, 24(1): 78. |
| [2] |
UPRAK T K, ERGENC M. Older is worse? Elderly patients who underwent gastrectomy: a single-center study[J]. Ann Ital Chir, 2023, 94: 268-273. |
| [3] |
VAN DER VEEN A, RAMAEKERS M, MARSMAN M, et al. Pain and opioid consumption after laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized clinical trial (LOGICA-Trial)[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2023, 27(10): 2057-2067. |
| [4] |
宋意锋, 戴中亮. 丙泊酚对线粒体氧化呼吸链的作用研究进展[J]. 临床麻醉学杂志, 2022, 38(11): 1214-1218. |
| [5] |
XU G P, WANG Y, CHEN Z, et al. Esketamine improves propofol-induced brain injury and cognitive impairment in rats[J]. Transl Neurosci, 2022, 13(1): 430-439. |
| [6] |
DAHAN A, JANSEN S, van der SCHRIER R, et al. Nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside reduces racemic ketamine-but not esketamine-induced pain relief[J]. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci, 2024, 7(7): 2044-2053. |
| [7] |
中国研究型医院学会机器人与腹腔镜外科专业委员会. 胃癌胃切除手术加速康复外科专家共识(2016版)[J]. 中华消化外科杂志, 2017, 16(1): 14-17. |
| [8] |
AKAIKE H, KAWAGUCHI Y, MARUYAMA S, et al. Mortality calculator as a possible prognostic predictor of overall survival after gastrectomy in elderly patients with gastric cancer[J]. World J Surg Oncol, 2020, 18(1): 283. |
| [9] |
焦娟莉, 王园园, 陶芹. 老年胃癌患者术后化疗期间症状群、心理痛苦及生存状态的相关性[J]. 中华老年多器官疾病杂志, 2025, 24(3): 172-176. |
| [10] |
LI R, LIU Y P, MENG Y T, et al. Study on correlation between perioperative cognitive function and nutritional status in elderly patients with gastric cancer[J]. Exp Gerontol, 2024, 193: 112467. |
| [11] |
LV A Q, HUANG L C, LAO W L, et al. Effects of different depth of anesthesia on perioperative inflammatory reaction and hospital outcomes in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy[J]. BMC Anesthesiol, 2022, 22(1): 328. |
| [12] |
WANG J F, FENG Y K, QI Z, et al. The role and mechanism of esketamine in preventing and treating remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia based on the NMDA receptor-CaMKII pathway[J]. Open Life Sci, 2024, 19(1): 20220816. |
| [13] |
程传喜, 蒋雨夏, 王凯, 腰方肌阻滞联合艾司氯胺酮为主的阿片类药物节俭麻醉策略对腹腔镜结肠癌根治术患者术后早期康复的影响[J]. 中华麻醉学杂志, 2025, 45(2): 142-147. |
| [14] |
MIN M H, DU C X, CHEN X Y, et al. Effect of subanesthetic dose of esketamine on postoperative rehabilitation in elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty[J]. J Orthop Surg Res, 2023, 18(1): 268. |
| [15] |
CHEN J L, PAN Z H, ZHENG J W. Effect of intravenous esketamine on rebound pain following single-shot brachial plexus block in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study[J]. J Pain Res, 2025, 18: 5235-5248. |
| [16] |
LIAN X H, LIN Y Z, LUO T, et al. Efficacy and safety of esketamine for sedation among patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMC Anesthesiol, 2023, 23(1): 204. |
| [17] |
RIZZO A, GARÇON-POCA M Z, ESSMANN A, et al. The dopaminergic effects of esketamine are mediated by a dual mechanism involving glutamate and opioid receptors[J]. Mol Psychiatry, 2025, 30(8): 3443-3454. |
| [18] |
TAGLIABUE S, LINDNER C, DA PRAT I C, et al. Comparison of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, blood flow, and bispectral index under general anesthesia[J]. Neurophotonics, 2023, 10(1): 015006. |
| [19] |
LIANG Z H, WANG X, YU Z Y, et al. Age-dependent neurovascular coupling characteristics in children and adults during general anesthesia[J]. Biomed Opt Express, 2023, 14(5): 2240-2259. |
| [20] |
何旋, 陈鹤翔, 孔倩, 艾司氯胺酮对大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时TLR4/NF-κB信号通路的影响[J]. 中华麻醉学杂志, 2024, 44(6): 729-732. |
| [21] |
WANG M, MA Q, WANG W J, et al. Esketamine reduces lung injury caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion by regulating oxidative stress via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway[J/OL]. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. (2025-04-29)[2025-08-18]. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303393744250423100211. |
| [22] |
刘璇, 滕金亮, 袁莉, 艾司氯胺酮对创伤性脑损伤大鼠神经元损伤炎症及AMPK/NF-κB信号通路的影响[J]. 河北医学, 2023, 29(5): 710-716. |
| [23] |
INTAN A E K, ZETTA D N, JARUKAMJORN K, et al. Meta AMPK: accurate prediction of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activators using a meta-learner neural network[J]. ACS Omega, 2025, 10(38): 43616-43631. |
| [24] |
XIE W, WANG L, PENG Z, et al. The impact of preoperative low-dose esketamine and dexmedetomidine nasal administration on the emergence delirium in children undergoing fiber bronchoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled trial[J]. Clin Neuropharmacol, 2025, 48(3): 97-103. |
| [25] |
王伟, 任乐, 王辉, 艾司氯胺酮不同给药途径对老年股骨颈骨折患者术后谵妄与疼痛的影响[J]. 中国药物应用与监测, 2025, 22(5): 929-933. |
河北省卫生健康委课题(20241250)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |