原花青素B2靶向小胶质细胞调节TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路对双环己酮草酰二腙小鼠髓鞘脱失的影响
郑璐璐 , 郭羽 , 蒲萌 , 张紫薇 , 陈莹 , 刘健 , 温煜杰 , 隋子焱 , 王青 , 张俐敏
中国现代医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10) : 39 -51.
原花青素B2靶向小胶质细胞调节TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路对双环己酮草酰二腙小鼠髓鞘脱失的影响
Effects of proanthocyanidins B2 on cuprizone-induced demyelination in mice by targeting microglia to regulate the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway
目的 探究原花青素B2(PCB2)靶向小胶质细胞调节TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路对双环己酮草酰二腙(CPZ)小鼠髓鞘脱失的影响。 方法 将40只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为Normal组、PCB2组、CPZ组和CPZ+PCB2组。用含0.2% CPZ的饲料喂养CPZ组和CPZ+PCB2组6周,复制小鼠急性脱髓鞘模型,CPZ+PCB2组另采用PCB2治疗小鼠2周。采用高架十字迷宫和旷场实验评估小鼠行为学变化;黑金髓鞘染色、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)及降解髓鞘碱性蛋白(dMBP)免疫荧光染色观察胼胝体区域髓鞘脱失情况;免疫荧光染色观察小胶质细胞标记物离子钙接合接头分子1(Iba1)及其M1型极化标志物诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、M2型极化标志物精氨酸酶1(Arg1)表达;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定脑组织匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-1β及IL-10水平;逆转录实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)和Western blotting实验检测脑组织匀浆中Toll样受体4(TLR4)、髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、核因子κB(NF-κB)mRNA、蛋白表达水平。 结果 与Normal组相比,CPZ组进入开放臂活动的总距离、进入开放臂次数均增加(P 0.05),PCB2组与Normal组进入开放臂活动的总距离及进入开放臂的次数比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);与CPZ组相比,CPZ+PCB2组进入开放臂活动的总距离、进入开放臂次数均降低(P 0.05);与Normal组相比,CPZ组在旷场活动总距离、旷场中心区域活动距离均增加(P 0.05),PCB2组与Normal组在旷场活动的总距离与在旷场中心区域活动距离比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);与CPZ组相比,CPZ+PCB2组在旷场活动总距离、旷场中心区域活动距离均降低(P 0.05)。与Normal组相比,CPZ组TrueGold染色的胼胝体区域变小,着色浅而稀疏,平均光密度值降低(P 0.05),PCB2组与Normal组TrueGold染色结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);与CPZ组相比,CPZ+PCB2组True gold染色的胼胝体区域髓鞘脱失程度减轻,着色加深,平均光密度值升高(P 0.05);与Normal组相比,CPZ组胼胝体区域MBP荧光强度下降(P 0.05),PCB2组与Normal组MBP表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);与CPZ组相比,CPZ+PCB2组MBP表达水平升高(P 0.05);与Normal组相比,CPZ组胼胝体区域dMBP表达水平升高(P 0.05),PCB2组与Normal组dMBP表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);与CPZ组相比,CPZ+PCB2组dMBP表达水平下降(P 0.05)。与Normal组相比,CPZ组小鼠脑内Iba1表达水平增加(P 0.05),PCB2组与Normal组Iba1表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);与CPZ组相比,CPZ+PCB2组脑内Iba1表达水平降低(P 0.05)。与Normal组相比,CPZ组脑内Iba1/iNOS表达水平增多,Iba1/iNOS阳性细胞平均荧光强度增加(P 0.05),PCB2组与Normal组Iba1/iNOS表达结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);与CPZ组相比,CPZ+PCB2组脑内Iba1/iNOS表达水平降低,Iba1/iNOS阳性细胞平均荧光强度下降(P 0.05)。各组髓鞘区域Iba1/Arg1表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。与Normal组相比,CPZ组TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达水平均均升高(P 0.05),IL-10表达水平降低(P 0.05);PCB2组与Normal组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6及IL-10表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);与CPZ组相比,CPZ+PCB2组TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6表达水平均下降(P 0.05),IL-10表达水平升高(P 0.05)。与Normal组相比,CPZ组TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA表达水平均升高(P 0.05),PCB2组与Normal组TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);与CPZ组相比,CPZ+PCB2组TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB的mRNA表达水平均降低(P 0.05)。与Normal组相比,CPZ组TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB蛋白表达水平均升高(P 0.05);PCB2组与Normal组TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);与CPZ组相比,CPZ+PCB2组TLR4、NF-κB和MyD88蛋白表达水平均降低(P 0.05)。 结论 PCB2可能通过抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路及小胶质细胞向M1型极化,减轻神经炎症,缓解CPZ诱导的脱髓鞘。
Objective To explore the effect of proanthocyanidins B2 (PCB2) on cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination in mice by targeting microglia to regulate the Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the normal group, PCB2 group, CPZ group and CPZ + PCB2 group. The mice in the CPZ group and the CPZ + PCB2 group were fed with a diet containing 0.2% CPZ for a total of 6 weeks to establish the acute demyelination model of mice, and the mice in the CPZ + PCB2 group were additionally treated with PCB2 for 2 weeks. The behavioral changes of mice were evaluated by using elevated plus maze and open field experiments. TrueGold myelin staining, myelin basic protein (MBP) and degraded myelin basic protein (dMBP) immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the loss of myelin in the corpus callosum. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of microglial marker ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), M1-type polarization marker inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and M2-type polarization marker arginase 1(Arg1). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-10 in brain tissue homogenates were determined by ELISA. The mRNA contents and protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB in brain tissue homogenates were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Results Compared with the normal group, the CPZ group showed increased total distance traveled in the open arms and increased number of entries into the open arms (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total distance traveled in the open arms or the number of entries into the open arms between the PCB2 group and the normal group (P 0.05). Compared with the CPZ group, the CPZ + PCB2 group exhibited decreased total distance traveled in the open arms and decreased number of entries into the open arms (P 0.05). Compared with the normal group, the CPZ group showed increased total distance traveled in the open field and increased distance traveled in the center zone of the open field (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total distance traveled in the open field or the distance traveled in the center zone between the PCB2 group and the normal group (P 0.05). Compared with the CPZ group, the CPZ + PCB2 group exhibited decreased total distance traveled in the open field and decreased distance traveled in the center zone of the open field (P 0.05). Compared with the normal group, the CPZ group showed a smaller corpus callosum area with TrueGold staining, which appeared lighter and sparser, along with decreased mean optical density values (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in TrueGold staining results between the PCB2 group and the normal group (P 0.05). Compared with the CPZ group, the CPZ + PCB2 group exhibited alleviated myelin loss in the corpus callosum with TrueGold staining, showing deeper staining and increased mean optical density values (P 0.05). Compared with the normal group, the CPZ group showed decreased MBP fluorescence intensity in the corpus callosum (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in MBP expression levels between the PCB2 group and the normal group (P 0.05). Compared with the CPZ group, the CPZ + PCB2 group exhibited increased MBP expression levels (P 0.05). Compared with the normal group, the CPZ group showed increased dMBP expression levels in the corpus callosum (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in dMBP expression levels between the PCB2 group and the normal group (P 0.05). Compared with the CPZ group, the CPZ + PCB2 group exhibited decreased dMBP expression levels (P 0.05). Compared with the normal group, the CPZ group showed increased Iba1 expression in the brain (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in Iba1 expression between the PCB2 group and the normal group (P 0.05). Compared with the CPZ group, the CPZ + PCB2 group exhibited decreased Iba1 expression in the brain (P 0.05). Compared with the normal group, the CPZ group showed increased Iba1/iNOS expression in the brain and increased mean fluorescence intensity of Iba1/iNOS-positive cells (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in Iba1/iNOS expression between the PCB2 group and the normal group (P 0.05). Compared with the CPZ group, the CPZ + PCB2 group exhibited decreased Iba1/iNOS expression in the brain and decreased mean fluorescence intensity of Iba1/iNOS-positive cells (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in Iba1/Arg1 expression levels in the myelinated region among all groups (P 0.05). Compared with the normal group, the CPZ group showed elevated expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (P 0.05) and decreased IL-10 expression levels (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, or IL-10 between the PCB2 group and the normal group (P 0.05). Compared with the CPZ group, the CPZ + PCB2 group exhibited decreased expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (P 0.05) and increased IL-10 expression levels (P 0.05). Compared with the normal group, the CPZ group showed elevated mRNA expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, or NF-κB between the PCB2 group and the normal group (P 0.05). Compared with the CPZ group, the CPZ + PCB2 group exhibited decreased mRNA expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB (P 0.05). Compared with the normal group, the CPZ group showed elevated protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, or NF-κB p65 between the PCB2 group and the normal group (P 0.05). Compared with the CPZ group, the CPZ + PCB2 group exhibited decreased protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB (P 0.05). Conclusion PCB2 may alleviate neuroinflammation and relieve CPZ-induced demyelination by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and the polarization of microglia to M1 type.
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山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021222201)
山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021221162)
山西省教育厅科技创新项目(2023L193)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(81903596)
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