MicroRNA-92a-3p、microRNA-206与血友病A患者抑制物阳性的相关性

阴俊 ,  罗婧媛 ,  林芝 ,  陈昌茜 ,  黄世华

中国现代医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10) : 99 -105.

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中国现代医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10) : 99 -105. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2026.10.015
临床研究·论著

MicroRNA-92a-3p、microRNA-206与血友病A患者抑制物阳性的相关性

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Association of microRNA-92a-3p and microRNA-206 with inhibitor positivity in patients with hemophilia A

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摘要

目的 探讨microRNA-92a-3p(miR-92a-3p)、microRNA-206(miR-206)水平与血友病A(HA)患者抑制物阳性的关系,为HA的临床治疗及预后预测提供理论支持。 方法 选取2020年9月—2024年9月宜宾市第二人民医院收治的308例HA患者,根据抑制物检测结果分为阳性组(64例)和阴性组(244例)。收集患者性别、年龄、民族、HA家族史、治疗方式等临床资料。检测患者miR-92a-3p、miR-206和血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平。采用Pearson分析评估miR-92a-3p、miR-206水平与炎症因子水平的相关性。采用Spearman分析评估miR-92a-3p、miR-206水平与血友病A患者抑制物阳性的相关性。采用多因素一般Logistic回归模型分析血友病A患者抑制物阳性的危险因素。 结果 阴性组预防治疗占比高于阳性组(P 0.05)。阴性组miR-92a-3p水平低于阳性组(P 0.05),miR-206水平高于阳性组(P 0.05)。阴性组TNF-α、IL-6水平均低于阳性组(P 0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,miR-92a-3p水平与TNF-α水平、IL-6水平均呈正相关(r =0.311、0.338,均P 0.05);miR-206水平与TNF-α水平、IL-6水平均呈负相关(r =-0.424、-0.249,均P 0.05)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,miR-92a-3p水平与HA患者抑制物阳性呈正相关(rs =0.372,P 0.05),miR-206水平与HA患者抑制物阳性呈负相关(rs =-0.509,P 0.05)。多因素一般Logistic回归分析结果显示:miR-92a-3p水平高[O^R=1.185(95% CI:1.029,1.365)]和治疗方式为按需治疗[O^R=1.342(95% CI:1.058,1.701)]均是HA患者抑制物阳性的危险因素(P 0.05),miR-206水平高[O^R=0.840(95% CI:0.735,0.960)]是HA患者抑制物阳性的保护因素(P 0.05)。 结论 miR-92a-3p、miR-206与血友病A患者抑制物阳性有相关性,miR-92a-3p水平升高、miR-206水平降低是血友病A患者抑制物阳性的影响因素。

Abstract

Objective To explore the associations of the levels of miR-92a-3p and miR-206 with the positivity of inhibitors in patients with hemophilia A (HA), and to provide theoretical support for the clinical treatment and prognosis prediction of HA. Methods A total of 308 patients with HA admitted to our hospital from September 2020 to September 2024 were selected and divided into the positive group (64 cases) and the negative group (244 cases) according to the results of inhibitor detection. Clinical data such as the patient's sex, age, ethnicity, family history of HA, and treatment methods were collected. The levels of miR-92a-3p and miR-206, as well as the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the patients were detected. Pearson analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between the levels of miR-92a-3p and miR-206 and the levels of inflammatory factors. Spearman analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between the levels of miR-92a-3p and miR-206 and inhibitor positivity in patients with hemophilia A. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for the positivity of inhibitors in patients with HA. Results The proportion of preventive treatment in the negative group was higher than that in the positive group (P 0.05). The level of miR-92a-3p in the negative group was lower than that in the positive group (P 0.05), and the level of miR-206 in the negative group was higher than that in the positive group (P 0.05). The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the negative group were lower than those in the positive group (P 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that the levels of miR-92a-3p were positively correlated with the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 (r = 0.311 and 0.338, both P 0.05), and that the levels of miR-206 were negatively correlated with the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 levels (r = -0.424 and -0.249, P 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the levels of miR-92a-3p were positively correlated with the positivity of inhibitors in HA patients (rs = 0.372, P 0.05), and that the levels of miR-206 were negatively correlated with the positivity of inhibitors in HA patients (rs = -0.509, P 0.05). The multivariable logistic regression analysis (P = 0.05 for including variables) showed that higher levels of miR-92a-3p [O^R = 1.185 (95% CI: 1.029, 1.365) ] and on-demand treatment [O^R = 1.342 (95% CI: 1.058, 1.701) ] were both risk factors for the positivity of inhibitors in HA patients (P 0.05), and that high levels of miR-206 [O^R = 0.840 (95% CI: 0.735, 0.960) ] were a protective factor for the positivity of inhibitors in HA patients (P 0.05). Conclusion Both miR-92a-3p and miR-206 are associated with inhibitor positivity in patients with HA. Elevated levels of miR-92a-3p and decreased levels of miR-206 are among the factors influencing inhibitor positivity in these patients.

Graphical abstract

关键词

血友病A / miR-92a-3p / miR-206 / 抑制物

Key words

hemophilia A / miR-92a-3p / miR-206 / inhibitor

引用本文

引用格式 ▾
阴俊,罗婧媛,林芝,陈昌茜,黄世华. MicroRNA-92a-3p、microRNA-206与血友病A患者抑制物阳性的相关性[J]. 中国现代医学杂志, 2026, 36(10): 99-105 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2026.10.015

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microRNA(miRNA)是由内源基因编码的单链RNA,其长度较短,通常由20个左右的核苷酸组成[1]。近年来研究表明miR-92a-3p、miR-206在免疫性疾病、心脑血管疾病、肿瘤等疾病中均发挥重要作用[2-3]。血友病A(hemophilia A, HA)是一种X染色体遗传的出血性疾病,主要由凝血因子Ⅷ(factor Ⅷ, FⅧ)缺乏引起[4]。FⅧ抑制物的产生是HA并发症之一,会导致患者疾病加重甚至死亡[5]。已有研究表明,抑制物产生与机体免疫调节及炎症反应相关,而miR-92a-3p、miR-206也与机体炎症反应具有密切关联[6-7]。但miR-92a-3p、miR-206在HA中的作用尚不明确。本研究旨在探讨miR-92a-3p、miR-206与HA患者抑制物阳性的关系,为HA的临床治疗及预测提供新的潜在靶点。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2020年9月—2024年9月宜宾市第二人民医院收治的308例HA患者,根据抑制物检测结果分为阳性组(64例)和阴性组(244例)。本研究经过医院伦理委员会批准同意(2025-126-01)。

1.2 纳入与排除标准

1.2.1 纳入标准

①符合《血友病诊断与治疗中国专家共识(2017年版)》[8]相关标准诊断;②年龄60岁;③在本院接受治疗且临床资料完整;④接受FⅧ抑制物检测。

1.2.2 排除标准

①妊娠或哺乳期女性;②严重脏器功能不全;③合并恶性肿瘤;④合并其他出血性疾病。

1.3 方法

1.3.1 临床资料收集

包括患者性别、年龄、体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、民族、HA家族史、治疗方式等临床资料。

1.3.2 抑制物阳性判定

对于采用Emicizumab(瑞士罗氏制药有限公司)治疗的患者,将血浆与Emicizumab-阻断剂混合,室温孵育1 h后,采用加入Emicizumab-阻断剂的改良Bethesda法检测。在1~4周内连续2次检出(每次检测间隔时间在7 d以上)滴度≥0.6 BU/mL,则判定为抑制物阳性。

1.3.3 miRNA水平及炎症因子水平检测

患者入组后于清晨采集空腹静脉血6 mL,以3 000 r/min离心10 min,取上层血清,-80 ℃保存待检。其中一半血清采用TRIzol法提取RNA,试剂购自美国赛默飞世尔公司。提取前,向每份250 μL血清样本中加入5 μL 1nmol/L的合成cel-miR-39作为外源参照,试剂购自广州锐博生物科技有限公司,以监控后续RNA提取及逆转录过程的效率并用于归一化。将RNA逆转录为cDNA,试剂购自宝生物工程(大连)有限公司,miR-92a-3p、miR-206水平检测采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应,20 μL反应体系:2×SYBR Green Premix Ex Taq 10 μL,正反向引物(10 μmol/L)各0.8 μL,cDNA模板2 μL,加无RNase水至终体积20 μL。反应条件:95℃预变性30 s;95℃变性5 s,60℃退火、延伸30 s,共40个循环且于未端采集荧光信号。以cel-miR-39作为参照,以2-ΔΔCt法计算相对表达水平,试剂购自伯乐生命医学产品(上海)有限公司,引物序列见表1

另外一半血清采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor, TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6, IL-6)水平,试剂购自上海酶联生物公司。

1.4 统计学方法

数据分析采用SPSS 20.0统计软件,计数资料以构成比或率(%)表示,比较用χ2检验;计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,比较用t 检验;相关性分析用Pearson或Spearman法;影响因素的分析采用多因素一般Logistic回归模型。P 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组患者临床资料比较

两组患者年龄、性别构成、BMI、吸烟率、饮酒率、高血压率、糖尿病率、民族构成和HA家族史率比较,经t2检验,差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。两组患者治疗方式构成比较,经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),阴性组预防治疗占比高于阳性组。见表2

2.2 两组miR-92a-3p、miR-206水平比较

阴性组与阳性组miR-92a-3p、miR-206水平比较,经t 检验,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05);阴性组miR-92a-3p水平低于阳性组,miR-206水平高于阳性组。见表3

2.3 两组炎症因子水平比较

阴性组与阳性组TNF-α、IL-6水平比较,经t 检验,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05);阴性组TNF-α、IL-6水平均低于阳性组。见表4

2.4 miR-92a-3p、miR-206水平与炎症因子水平相关性分析

Pearson相关性分析结果显示,miR-92a-3p水平与TNF-α水平、IL-6水平均呈正相关(r =0.311、0.338,均P =0.000);miR-206水平与TNF-α水平、IL-6水平均呈负相关(r =-0.424、-0.249,均P =0.000)。见图2

2.5 miR-92a-3p、miR-206水平与HA患者抑制物阳性的相关性分析

Spearman相关性分析结果显示,miR-92a-3p水平与HA患者抑制物阳性呈正相关(rs =0.372,P =0.000),miR-206水平与HA患者抑制物阳性呈负相关(rs =-0.509,P =0.000)。见图3

2.6 影响HA患者抑制物阳性的多因素一般Logistic回归分析

以抑制物是否阳性(否=0,是=1)为因变量,miR-92a-3p水平(实测值)、miR-206水平(实测值)、治疗方式(预防治疗=0,按需治疗=1)为自变量,进行多因素一般Logistic回归分析,结果显示:miR-92a-3p水平高[O^R=1.185(95% CI:1.029,1.365)]和治疗方式为按需治疗[O^R=1.342(95% CI:1.058,1.701)]均是HA患者抑制物阳性的危险因素(P 0.05),miR-206水平高[O^R=0.840(95% CI:0.735,0.960)]是HA患者抑制物阳性的保护因素(P 0.05)。见表5

3 讨论

HA由FⅧ缺乏引起,通常需要采用重组或灭活血源性FⅧ进行替代治疗以阻止出血并维持患者正常生活[9]。但在治疗过程中,机体可能产生FⅧ抗体,即抑制物,会导致治疗中断,降低疗效并影响患者预后[10]。有研究表明,个体化的免疫反应特征会影响患者对外源性FⅧ的反应[11]。miR-92a-3p参与免疫细胞分化、炎症信号通路及细胞因子分泌等过程的调控,与机体免疫反应具有密切关联[12]。miR-206也被发现参与免疫细胞功能和炎症反应的调控[13]

本研究结果显示,抑制物阳性组miR-92a-3p水平高于阴性组,miR-206水平低于阴性组,血清炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6水平均高于阴性组。相关性分析结果显示,miR-92a-3p水平与TNF-α、IL-6水平均呈正相关,miR-206水平与TNF-α、IL-6水平均均呈负相关。miR-92a-3p水平与HA患者抑制物阳性呈正相关,miR-206水平与HA患者抑制物阳性呈负相关。SUSANAH等[14]研究发现,高滴度抑制物的HA患者血清TNF-α水平比低滴度抑制物患者更高。OLIVEIRA等[15]研究显示,对HA患者进行替代治疗会引发IL-6介导的炎症反应,且抑制物阳性的患者IL-6水平高于抑制物阴性患者。TNF-α水平上升可激活NF-κB及AP-1信号通路,促进B细胞向浆细胞分化,增加抗体产生[16]。另一方面,TNF-α还可使CD40/CD40L共刺激信号增强,促进依赖于T细胞的抗体反应[17]。而IL-6不仅与TNF-α有协同作用,共同加强机体炎症反应,还可以抑制调节性T细胞功能,减弱免疫耐受[18]。和红霞等[19]研究证实,外周血调节性T细胞水平与HA患者抑制物产生相关。于东雯等[20]也发现CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞水平与HA患者抑制物阳性及疾病严重程度相关。本研究结果与以往研究相符,并进一步发现miR-92a-3p、miR-206水平与炎症因子及抑制物阳性相关。miR-92a-3p可通过抑制磷酸酶基因,激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路,促进辅助性T细胞17分化,从而提高机体免疫水平[21]。同时miR-92a-3p又可通过靶向FOXO1及TGFBR2基因抑制调节性T细胞,以降低免疫抑制[22]。XU等[23]研究发现,miR-92a-3p可通过靶向LIN28A促进M1巨噬细胞极化,继而增加炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6释放,造成炎症反应和机体损伤。因此,miR-92a-3p水平升高会增强机体免疫反应,提高炎症因子水平,增加抗体产生,从而促使抑制物产生。与miR-92a-3p不同,miR-206对M1巨噬细胞的极化具有抑制作用,因而可减少TNF-α、IL-6产生[24]。另外,miR-206可通过靶向STAT3抑制辅助性T细胞17的分化,从而降低机体炎症反应[25]。还有研究发现,miR-206可通过靶向IKKβ、TRAF6,抑制NF-κB通路激活,使TNF-α水平降低[26]。因此,miR-206水平降低会减少对炎症反应的抑制作用,使TNF-α、IL-6水平升高,并使机体免疫抑制作用减弱,有利于抗体产生。

本研究多因素一般Logistic分析结果显示,miR-92a-3p、miR-206、按需治疗均是HA患者抑制物阳性的独立影响因素。miR-92a-3p、miR-206水平均可从一定程度上反映机体免疫反应情况,而抑制物本质上是机体针对外源性FⅧ产生的抗体,抑制物的产生与机体免疫反应相关,因此miR-92a-3p、miR-206水平对抑制物产生有影响。替代治疗是HA的重要治疗方式,根据患者的病情、人群特征等又将替代治疗方案分为按需治疗和预防治疗[27]。预防治疗是维持患者正常身体机能的重要治疗方式,但考虑到患者经济情况、血管通路等问题,部分患者仅接受按需治疗,而并未定期进行预防治疗。由于按需治疗通常在患者出现出血症状后进行,而此时需要大剂量外源FⅧ输注,加上此时机体本就处于损伤及炎症反应状态,故而患者更容易产生抑制物。

目前临床上对于HA的治疗仍以替代治疗为主,在此治疗过程中不可避免地会出现抑制物产生的情况,对于抑制物阳性患者则通常采用大剂量外源FⅧ制剂、免疫耐受诱导及免疫抑制治疗,HA抑制物阳性患者的治疗方案仍有待进一步研究和优化。目前尚无对HA患者miRNA的相关研究,本研究发现miR-92a-3p、miR-206与炎症因子及HA患者抑制物阳性有相关性,或许miR-92a-3p、miR-206可能成为HA抑制物阳性患者治疗的潜在靶点。但本研究未对患者生存情况进行随访观察,未能探究miR-92a-3p、miR-206与患者生存期的关系,后续研究可对患者进行长期随访研究。

综上所述,miR-92a-3p、miR-206水平与血清TNF-α、IL-6水平及HA患者抑制物阳性相关,miR-92a-3p、miR-206、按需治疗方式是HA患者抑制物阳性的独立影响因素。然而,这两种miRNA在其中发挥作用的具体分子机制尚未明确,仍有待通过动物实验等进行深入验证。

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基金资助

四川省科学计划项目(2023YFQ0168)

宜宾市卫生健康委员会科研项目(2021YW0021)

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