tRFs在足细胞损伤与凋亡机制中的研究进展:以阿霉素肾病为模型的新视角
徐明星 , 李善文 , 甘卫华 , 施会敏
中国现代医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (11) : 56 -62.
tRFs在足细胞损伤与凋亡机制中的研究进展:以阿霉素肾病为模型的新视角
Research progress on tRFs in the mechanisms of podocyte injury and apoptosis: new insights from the adriamycin nephropathy model
慢性肾脏病(CKD)是重大公共卫生挑战,其核心病理是足细胞损伤。作为终末分化细胞,足细胞难以再生,成为CKD防治的关键靶点。阿霉素肾病(AN)模型可特异性诱导足细胞损伤,模拟人类CKD的蛋白尿与肾小球硬化特征。tRNA衍生片段(tRFs)作为新型非编码RNA,在足细胞损伤中起重要调控作用。该文综述了tRF-003634、tRF-013354、tRF-011690等通过调控TLR4/NF-κB、Wnt/β-catenin等信号通路诱导足细胞炎症、凋亡与骨架重构的机制。相关研究不仅揭示了tRFs在足细胞损伤中的新功能,也为理解CKD发病机制提供了新视角,并提示其作为生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点的价值与挑战。
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a major public health challenge, and its core pathological feature is podocyte injury. As terminally differentiated cells, podocytes are difficult to regenerate, making them a critical target for CKD prevention and treatment. The adriamycin-induced nephropathy (AN) model specifically induces podocyte injury, effectively mimicking key characteristics of human CKD, including proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Recent studies have identified transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) as a novel class of non-coding RNAs that play important regulatory roles in podocyte injury. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which specific tRFs, such as tRF-003634, tRF-013354 and tRF-011690, mediate podocyte inflammation, apoptosis, and cytoskeletal remodeling through the modulation of signaling pathways including TLR4/NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin. These findings reveal new functions of tRFs, provide insights into the pathogenesis of CKD, and highlight both the value and the challenges of their application as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
3.2.4 其他肾脏疾病模型中tRFs研究对AN的启示 tRFs在其他肾脏疾病模型中的研究为理解其在AN中的作用提供了有益启示。QIAO等[39]研究发现,tRF3-IleAAT能够与ZNF281的3'UTR区域特异性结合,从而抑制ZNF281的表达,进而阻断铁死亡通路的激活。铁死亡的抑制直接减少了肾小球系膜细胞中细胞外基质(extracellular matrix, ECM)的过度合成和沉积,而ECM的异常积累正是肾小球硬化和肾功能衰退的核心病理过程。这一发现对AN研究具有重要启示,因为ECM过度沉积也是AN的重要病理特征,该研究证实了特定tRFs通过调控ECM代谢保护肾脏的可行性,鉴于阿霉素同样通过诱导足细胞损伤和铁死亡来促进肾小球硬化,tRF3-IleAAT/ZNF281/铁死亡这一调控轴可能在AN中同样存在并发挥作用。WILLIAMS等[40]研究显示,tRFs在IgA肾病和糖尿病肾病中的表达谱存在特异性改变,且这些改变与疾病严重程度相关。这一发现提示tRFs有潜力作为不同肾病类型(包括AN)的诊断标志物。
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国家自然科学基金青年项目(82400864)
南京市卫生科技发展专项资金项目(YKK23288)
南京市卫生科技发展专项资金项目(YKK23289)
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