术前血清AFP-L3与PIVKA-Ⅱ水平在肝细胞癌根治性切除术后预后预测中的价值
杨宏宏 , 徐舒宇 , 牛雷 , 俞军 , 徐海军
中国现代医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (11) : 90 -96.
术前血清AFP-L3与PIVKA-Ⅱ水平在肝细胞癌根治性切除术后预后预测中的价值
Value of preoperative serum AFP-L3 and PIVKA-Ⅱ levels in prognostic prediction for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection
目的 探讨术前血清甲胎蛋白异质体3(AFP-L3)及异常凝血酶原(PIVKA-Ⅱ)在肝细胞癌(HCC)根治性切除术后预后预测中的临床价值。 方法 回顾性选取2021年1月—2023年12月于东部战区总医院秦淮医疗区接受根治性切除的207例HCC患者作为研究对象。依据术前血清AFP-L3及PIVKA-Ⅱ水平的最佳截断值对患者进行分组,比较不同分组患者的一般临床资料及肿瘤相关病理特征。根据术后随访结果,按预后对患者进行分组。比较两组术前AFP-L3、PIVKA-Ⅱ水平差异。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析影响HCC根治性切除术后总体生存期(OS)的相关因素,并筛选出独立的不良预后因素。采用Kaplan-Meier法分别绘制按AFP-L3水平分组和按PIVKA-Ⅱ水平分组患者的生存曲线,组间比较采用Log-rank检验。 结果 AFP-L3低表达组肿瘤最大直径<5 cm、肿瘤个数单发及CNLC分期Ⅰ/Ⅱ期的占比均高于AFP-L3高表达组(P <0.05),微血管侵犯率低于AFP-L3高表达组(P <0.05)。PIVKA-Ⅱ低表达组肿瘤最大直径<5 cm及CNLC分期Ⅰ/Ⅱ期的占比均高于PIVKA-Ⅱ高表达组(P <0.05),而微血管侵犯率低于PIVKA-Ⅱ高表达组(P <0.05)。预后不良组AFP-L3和PIVKA-Ⅱ水平均高于预后良好组(P <0.05)。微血管侵犯[H^R =2.003(95% CI:1.230,3.260)]、CNLC分期为Ⅲa期[H^R =2.126(95% CI:1.241,3.643)]、AFP-L3水平>12%[H^R =2.150(95% CI:1.047,4.417)]及PIVKA-Ⅱ水平>221 mAU/mL[H^R =2.120(95% CI:1.195,3.761)]均为HCC根治性切除术后OS独立的不良预后因素(P <0.05)。高PIVKA-Ⅱ组累计生存率低于低PIVKA-Ⅱ组(P <0.05),高AFP-L3组累计生存率低于低AFP-L3组(P <0.05)。 结论 术前血清AFP-L3及PIVKA-Ⅱ水平与HCC根治性切除术后预后密切相关,联合检测可提高对术后复发及不良结局的预测能力,为术前风险分层及个体化治疗策略提供可靠依据。
Objective To investigate the prognostic significance of preoperative serum alpha-fetoprotein isoform L3 (AFP-L3) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-Ⅱ) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing curative resection. Methods Clinical data from 207 patients with HCC who underwent curative resection at the Qinhuai Medical Zone, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command between January 2021 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized according to optimal cutoff values of preoperative AFP-L3 and PIVKA-Ⅱ levels, and clinicopathological characteristics were compared across groups. Based on postoperative follow-up outcomes, patients were further classified into favorable- and poor-prognosis groups, and differences in preoperative biomarker levels were assessed. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to identify factors associated with overall survival (OS) and to determine independent adverse prognostic indicators. Survival outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, with intergroup comparisons performed by the log-rank test. Results Compared with the AFP-L3 high-level group, the AFP-L3 low-level group showed higher proportions of tumors < 5 cm in diameter, solitary tumors, and China Liver Cancer (CNLC) stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ disease, with a lower incidence of microvascular invasion (all P < 0.05). The PIVKA-Ⅱ low-level group had higher proportions of tumors < 5 cm and CNLC stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ disease and a lower rate of microvascular invasion than the PIVKA-Ⅱ high-level group (all P < 0.05). Preoperative AFP-L3 and PIVKA-Ⅱ levels were higher in the poor-prognosis group than in the favorable-prognosis group (P < 0.05). Microvascular invasion [H^R = 2.003 (95% CI: 1.230, 3.260) ], CNLC stage Ⅲa [H^R = 2.126 (95% CI: 1.241, 3.643) ], AFP-L3 > 12% [H^R = 2.150 (95% CI: 1.047, 4.417) ], and PIVKA-Ⅱ > 221 mAU/mL [H^R = 2.120 (95% CI: 1.195, 3.761) ] were identified as independent adverse prognostic factors for OS after curative resection (all P < 0.05). The cumulative survival rate was lower in the high PIVKA-Ⅱ group than in the low PIVKA-Ⅱ group (P < 0.05), and lower in the high AFP-L3 group than in the low AFP-L3 group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Preoperative serum AFP-L3 and PIVKA-Ⅱ levels are closely associated with survival outcomes after curative resection for HCC. Combined detection of these biomarkers can improve the prediction of postoperative recurrence and adverse outcomes, providing a reliable basis for preoperative risk stratification and individualized treatment strategies.
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江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(SBK2023022210)
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