改良型空心穿刺针在老年脆性腰椎椎体压缩性骨折经皮椎体成形术中的应用效果
刘小鹏 , 颜春铭 , 郭伟华 , 王虎 , 韩德山
中国现代医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (13) : 93 -98.
改良型空心穿刺针在老年脆性腰椎椎体压缩性骨折经皮椎体成形术中的应用效果
Application effect of modified hollow puncture needle in percutaneous vertebroplasty for senile fragile lumbar vertebral compression fractures
目的 探讨改良型空心穿刺针在老年脆性腰椎椎体压缩性骨折经皮椎体成形术中的应用效果。 方法 回顾性分析2022年1月—2024年1月东莞市厚街医院收治的86例老年脆性腰椎椎体压缩性骨折患者的临床资料,根据不同治疗方法分组,对照组44例接受经皮椎体成形术治疗,观察组42例在对照组的基础上联合应用穿刺针。比较两组围手术期指标(手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床活动时间、住院时间);分别于术前、术后1 d、术后7 d测定血清应激指标[血清促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇(Cor)]水平;对患者进行6个月随访,通过日本骨科协会评估治疗分数(JOA)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)和日常活动能力量表(ADL)比较两组患者术前术后6个月的腰椎功能和活动能力,并统计两组患者并发症发生率。 结果 观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床活动时间和住院时间均低于对照组(P 0.05)。观察组与对照组术前、术后1 d、术后7 d的ACTH和Cor水平比较,采用重复测量设计的方差分析, 结果 ①不同时间点的ACTH和Cor水平比较,差异有统计学意义(F =298.903、109.369,均P =0.000);②两组的ACTH和Cor水平比较,差异有统计学意义(F =67.511、107.785,均P =0.000),观察组ACTH和Cor水平较低;③两组ACTH和Cor水平的变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(F =56.535、51.028,均P =0.000)。术后6个月,观察组JOA评分和ADL评分均高于对照组(P 0.05),ODI评分低于对照组(P 0.05)。同组内,术后6个月JOA评分和ADL评分均高于术前(P 0.05),ODI评分低于术前(P 0.05)。对照组有6例骨水泥渗漏、1例神经损伤、2例血肿,观察组有1例骨水泥渗漏、1例血肿,无神经损伤。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P 0.05)。 结论 穿刺针应用于老年脆性腰椎椎体压缩性骨折经皮椎体成形术中可缩短术后恢复时间,改善腰椎功能和日常活动能力,并降低并发症风险。
Objective To investigate the application effect of modified hollow puncture needle in percutaneous vertebroplasty for elderly fragility lumbar vertebral compression fractures. Methods The clinical data of 86 elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were retrospectively collected. According to different treatment methods, the patients were divided into groups. The control group (n = 44) was treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), while the observation group (n = 42) received combined application of a puncture needle based on the control group. The perioperative indicators (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, time to ambulation, and hospital stay) were compared between the two groups. Serum stress indicators [adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (Cor) ] levels were measured preoperatively, as well as on postoperative day 1 and postoperative day 7. Patients were followed up for 6 months. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale were used to compare lumbar spine function and mobility between the two groups at preoperative and 6-month postoperative time points. The incidence of complications was also statistically analyzed. Results Comparison of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative ambulation time and length of hospital stay between the observation group and the control group showed statistically significant differences by t-test (P 0.05); the observation group had lower values in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative ambulation time and length of hospital stay than the control group. Comparison of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (Cor) levels between the two groups before surgery, 1 day after surgery and 7 days after surgery was analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. The results were as follows: (1) There were statistically significant differences in ACTH and Cor levels at different time points (F = 298.903, P = 0.000; F = 109.369, P = 0.000). (2) There were statistically significant differences in ACTH and Cor levels between the observation group and the control group (F = 67.511, P = 0.000; F = 107.785, P = 0.000), with lower levels in the observation group. (3) There were statistically significant differences in the changing trends of ACTH and Cor levels between the two groups (F = 56.535, P = 0.000; F = 51.028, P = 0.000). At 6 months postoperatively, the JOA score, ODI score and ADL score were compared between the two groups, and the differences were statistically significant by t-test (P 0.05). The observation group had higher JOA and ADL scores and lower ODI score than the control group. Within each group, the JOA score and ADL score at 6 months postoperatively were significantly higher than those before surgery (P 0.05), while the ODI score was significantly lower (P 0.05). In the control group, there were 6 cases of cement leakage, 1 case of nerve injury and 2 cases of hematoma. In the observation group, there was 1 case of cement leakage and 1 case of hematoma, with no nerve injury.The difference in the overall complication rate between the observation group and the control group was statistically significant by chi-square test (P 0.05); the overall complication rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group. Conclusion The application of puncture needle in percutaneous vertebroplasty for elderly patients with brittle lumbar vertebral compression fractures can shorten postoperative recovery time, improve lumbar function and daily living ability, and reduce the risk of complications.
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广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2024A1515012523)
2022年东莞市社会发展科技重点项目(20221800905882)
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