慢性盆腔痛湿热瘀结证大鼠模型的构建与验证评价
谭钰蒙 , 张锁 , 赵思宇 , 王广龙 , 关金花 , 郝海霞
中国现代医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (16) : 36 -44.
慢性盆腔痛湿热瘀结证大鼠模型的构建与验证评价
Establishment and validation of a rat model of chronic pelvic pain with dampness-heat stasis syndrome
目的 构建一套涵盖中医宏观证候与现代医学微观指标的多维度评价体系,科学验证苯酚胶浆化学损伤法制备慢性盆腔痛湿热瘀结证大鼠模型的有效性、可行性及适用性,为该疾病的病机研究与药物研发提供标准化实验载体。 方法 选取20只雌性SD大鼠,采用随机数字表法分为空白组、对照组和模型复制组。空白组常规饲养;对照组仅行开腹与逐层关腹操作,不施加化学损伤;模型复制组通过子宫腔注射25%苯酚胶浆建立化学损伤模型。模型复制后从4方面开展系统性评价:①宏观表征:观测大鼠一般状态、体重变化,采用规范化量表进行湿热瘀结证候评分,并测定粪便含水率;②行为学检测:利用电子Von Frey测痛仪测定机械痛阈值,量化盆腔疼痛程度;③局部病理学评估:解剖观察盆腔组织粘连、包块及积液情况,对子宫组织进行苏木精-伊红染色,分析病理形态学改变;④血清学及血液流变学检测:采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清炎症因子[前列腺素E2(PGE2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、白细胞介素-1α(IL-1α)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)]水平,通过全自动血流变测试仪测定全血黏度、血浆黏度等指标。 结果 与空白组和对照组相比,模型复制组大鼠呈现出典型且稳定的湿热瘀结证候及慢性盆腔痛病理特征:宏观上表现为精神萎靡、食欲缺乏、毛色枯槁、肛周潮湿、大便黏滞稀溏。与空白组和对照组比较,模型复制组大鼠粪便含水率、肛周温度、湿热瘀结证候评分均升高(P <0.05),体重降低(P <0.05);行为学检测显示机械痛阈值降低(P <0.05);病理解剖可见盆腔组织广泛粘连、增厚,子宫组织HE染色提示慢性炎症细胞浸润、纤维组织增生及管腔结构破坏;血清学检测表明IL-1α、PGE2、VEGF水平均高于空白组和对照组(P <0.05),IL-2水平均低于空白组和对照组(P <0.05),血液流变学指标显示全血黏度、血浆黏度均异常升高(P <0.05),红细胞聚集指数降低(P <0.05)。 结论 苯酚胶浆化学损伤法可成功构建兼具湿热瘀结证候特征与慢性盆腔痛病理改变的大鼠模型,且该模型具有良好的可行性与适用性,能够为慢性盆腔痛的中西医结合研究提供较为理想的实验工具。
Objective To establish a multidimensional evaluation system integrating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) macroscopic syndrome manifestations and modern medical microscopic indicators, to scientifically validate the efficacy, feasibility, and applicability of a rat model of chronic pelvic pain with dampness-heat stasis syndrome induced by phenol mucilage chemical injury, and therefore to provide a standardized experimental platform for investigating the pathogenesis and developing therapeutic agents for this disease. Methods Twenty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a sham-operated group and a model group using a random number table. The blank group was raised routinely. The sham-operated group only received laparotomy and a layered closure of the abdomen without chemical injury. The model group was established by intrauterine injection of 25% phenol mucilage to induce chemical damage. After modeling, a systematic evaluation was performed from four aspects: (1) Macroscopic manifestations: general conditions and body weight changes of rats were observed, damp-heat stasis syndrome scores were assessed using a standardized scale, and fecal water content was measured. (2) Behavioral tests: mechanical pain threshold was determined using an electronic von Frey anesthesiometer to quantify pelvic pain severity. (3) Local pathological evaluation: pelvic tissue adhesion, masses and effusion were anatomically observed, and uterine tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) for histopathological analysis. (4) Serological and hemorheological assays: serum levels of inflammatory factors [prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) ] were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and other indices were measured using a fully automatic hemorheology analyzer. Results Compared with the blank group and sham-operated group, rats in the model group exhibited typical and stable pathological characteristics of damp-heat stasis syndrome and chronic pelvic pain. Macroscopically, the model rats presented listlessness, anorexia, inactivity, withered hair, perianal dampness, loose and sticky stools, significantly slower body weight gain, and notably higher damp-heat stasis syndrome scores (P < 0.05). Behavioral tests showed a markedly decreased mechanical pain threshold (P < 0.05). Pathological anatomy revealed extensive adhesion and thickening of pelvic tissues. HE staining of uterine tissues demonstrated chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrous tissue hyperplasia and destruction of the luminal structure. Serological tests indicated significantly upregulated levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1α and PGE2, elevated fibrosis-related factor VEGF, and reduced immunoregulatory factor IL-2 (P < 0.05). Hemorheological indices showed abnormally increased whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity (P < 0.05), as well as decreased red blood cell aggregation index (P < 0.05). Conclusion The chemical injury method with phenol mucilage can successfully establish a rat model featuring both damp-heat stasis syndrome and pathological changes of chronic pelvic pain. This model shows favorable feasibility and applicability, and may serve as an ideal experimental tool for integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine research on chronic pelvic pain.
1.3.10 苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE)染色 取大鼠子宫组织标本,经4%多聚甲醛固定24 h后梯度脱水、透明、浸蜡及包埋,制备4 μm厚石蜡切片;切片脱蜡至水,苏木精染液染色5 min,流水冲洗后盐酸酒精分化30 s,再经氨水返蓝、流水漂洗,伊红染液染色3 min;随后梯度酒精脱水、二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片,光学显微镜下观察组织形态结构[18]。
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国家自然科学基金(82560903)
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